Question 1

Your psychology professor is conducting research and desperately needs more participants because the existing subjects keep running from the building screaming! She tells the class that everyone must be a subject to get a grade in the class and that there are no ions.In terms of ethical treatment of research subjects,her policy would

Accepted Answer

The professor's policy would violate the informed consent concept of volunteerism because she is not allowing participants to opt-out of the study. Participants must have the option to decline participation or withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. Coercing students to participate for a grade is not considered voluntary consent, and therefore, her policy is unethical. Additionally, the fact that the existing subjects keep running from the building screaming raises concerns about the safety and welfare of participants, which is another ethical consideration to be taken into account.

Question 2

According to the requirements of "informed consent," research participants in a blind,placebo-controlled study will be told

Accepted Answer

In a blind, placebo-controlled study, research participants will be told that they may or may not receive an active treatment as this is required for informed consent. This ensures that participants are aware that there is a chance they may not receive treatment, and allows them to make an informed decision about participating in the study. Options B and D are not accurate for blind, placebo-controlled studies, and option C goes against the principle of blinding in these types of studies.

Question 3

One reason that cross-sectional studies are more common than longitudinal studies is the fact that

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies involve following the same group of individuals over a long period of time, often years or even decades. This requires a significant investment of time and resources, which makes cross-sectional studies more practical and commonly used.

Question 4

Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and longitudinal research methods.What are the uses and limitations of each of these methods?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the procedures of the cross-sectional and...

Question 5

Which research method suffers from the possibility of losing research participants due to high drop-out rates or even death?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies follow participants over a long period of time, which increases the likelihood of losing participants due to factors such as high drop-out rates or death.

Question 6

A psychiatrist orders a series of tests including an IQ test,personality inventory (MMPI),neuropsychological test (Halstead-Reitan),and a brain scan (CT scan)for a 10-year-old boy who has recently been acting aggressively.Explain what each test measures and how the psychiatrist would use the results of each test to help diagnose or rule out potential causes of the boy's behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A psychiatrist orders a series of tests...

Question 7

Labeling a patient with a diagnosis is often referred to as a "double-edged sword" as the diagnostic label can both help and hurt the patient.Explain the advantages and disadvantages (to the patient)of a diagnostic label.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Labeling a patient with a diagnosis is...

Question 8

Projective tests such as the Thematic Apperception Test and the original Rorschach inkblot test are often criticized with regard to their reliability.Explain why the reliability of these tests may not be as good as a personality measure such as the MMPI.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Projective tests such as the Thematic Apperception...

Question 9

The basic components of informed consent are

Accepted Answer

The four basic components of informed consent are competence (the ability to make a decision), volunteerism (the decision to participate is freely made), full information (being fully informed about the study and its potential risks and benefits), and comprehension (understanding the information provided). Choice C is close, but it incorrectly adds "knowledge of results" as a component, which is not necessary for informed consent. Choices B and D are not comprehensive enough, as they leave out important components like competence and full information.

Question 10

Which type of problem is shared by the placebo control method and the withdrawal design method?

Accepted Answer

Both the placebo control method and the withdrawal design method involve withholding treatment from some participants, which raises ethical concerns about potentially harming those who need the treatment.

Question 11

A new research study is published and becomes the "hot story" in the news today.This story concerns you because the researchers report that they are the first scientists to find a higher incidence of depression in individuals who are taking a particular vitamin-the same vitamin that your physician has had you taking for years.While this may be cause for you to investigate further,you probably shouldn't panic,because

Accepted Answer

Without replication, the finding could just be due to coincidence. It is important to wait for further evidence before panicking or making any drastic changes to medication or vitamin intake. It is also possible that the study had limitations or biases that may have affected the results. Further research and replication of the study would be needed to confirm the findings.

Question 12

Marisa goes to see a psychologist because she has been having some acute distress and seems overwhelmed.Describe the process that Marisa's psychologist will use to reach a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Marisa goes to see a psychologist because...

Question 13

With regard to deception of research participants,

Accepted Answer

Researchers are typically required to debrief participants after the study, explaining any deception used, to ensure ethical standards are maintained and participants understand the true nature of the study.

Question 14

Describe the influence of culture on the experience of psychopathology.Why is it important for the clinician to acknowledge and appreciate the patient's culture before determining a diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the influence of culture on the...

Question 15

The function of replication in research is to

Accepted Answer

Replication in research is crucial for ensuring that the results are not due to chance or coincidence. By repeating studies and obtaining consistent results, researchers can be more confident that their findings are reliable and not just a fluke. This process helps to solidify the evidence for a particular hypothesis or theory.

Question 16

Describe the major objectives and typical procedures of the mental status exam.Be sure to include the typical activities of the examiner and the intended outcomes of the process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the major objectives and typical procedures...

Question 17

The most influential and successful research generally utilizes

Accepted Answer

Utilizing a program of multiple research designs over a period of time allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon being studied, and allows for the replication and validation of findings across different methods and time periods. This approach also allows for the identification of potential causal relationships through the use of experimental and longitudinal designs.

Question 18

One of the most important reasons to conduct cross-cultural research in psychopathology is that

Accepted Answer

Understanding how culture impacts the experience of various disorders is important to gain a better understanding of psychopathology. This includes how culture may shape the expression of symptoms, the help-seeking behaviors of individuals, and the cultural variations in the prevalence and acceptance of different disorders. By examining these cultural influences, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of psychopathology and how to better diagnose and treat individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Question 19

Describe the difference between the statistical and clinical significance of research findings.Explain why it is important to make a distinction between statistical and clinical significance when interpreting research findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the difference between the statistical and...

Quiz 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Research in Psychopathology