Question 1

Socialism and communism share the belief that

Accepted Answer

Both socialism and communism critique the free market system for creating economic inequality, where wealth is concentrated among a privileged few while the masses are exploited.

Question 2

Classical liberalism looks with suspicion on government as a potential source of "interference" with personal freedom, but modern liberalism looks on the power of the government as a positive force used to contribute to

Accepted Answer

Classical liberalism focuses on limited government intervention in individual affairs and economic transactions, while modern liberalism emphasizes the use of government to promote social justice and equality of opportunity. Therefore, modern liberalism sees the power of the government as a positive force to eliminate social and economic conditions that adversely affect people's lives.

Question 3

Communists believe that the mode of production creates the class structure, the political system, religion, education, family life, law, and art and literature. This idea is called

Accepted Answer

The idea that the mode of production (i.e. the way goods and services are produced and distributed) determines other aspects of society such as class structure and political systems is known as economic determinism. This is a fundamental principle of Marxist thought and is central to communist ideology.

Question 4

The core idea of socialism is

Accepted Answer

The core idea of socialism is collective ownership, where the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the community as a whole. This is distinct from capitalism, where individual ownership and control of resources and capital is the norm. While socialism does often critique capitalism, condemnation of the capitalist system is not the core idea of socialism. Socialism also does not necessarily envision a society without government or class struggle, although the goal may be to reduce or eliminate such conflicts. However, class struggle is related to the core idea of socialism, as it calls for the collective ownership and control of resources to empower the working class and eliminate exploitation by the capitalist class.

Question 5

__________ is an ideology that asserts the supremacy of the nation or race over the interests of the individual.

Accepted Answer

Fascism is an ideology that prioritizes the interests of the nation or race above those of the individual, often through authoritarianism and totalitarianism. It has been characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and control of industry and commerce. In contrast, democracy places value on individuals having a say in governance, communism advocates for the collective ownership of property and resources, and capitalism emphasizes individual ownership and free market competition.

Question 6

Laissez-faire emphasizes a hands-off approach to government intervention in economic affairs and is part of which ideology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Laissez-faire emphasizes a hands-off approach to government...

Question 7

Marx urged workers to organize for revolutionary action. He asserted that only violent revolution will place the proletariat in power so they can set up the dictatorship of the proletariat to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that the ultimate goal of the proletariat was to gain political power and establish a dictatorship of the proletariat, where they would protect their own class interests and ensure that the means of production were owned collectively by the people rather than by a ruling class.

Question 8

John Locke's ideas about inalienable rights influenced Thomas Jefferson to include which of the following as God-given rights in the Declaration of Independence?

Accepted Answer

John Locke's ideas about inalienable rights influenced Thomas Jefferson to include life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as God-given rights in the Declaration of Independence.

Question 9

Locke asserted that human beings form a social contract to establish a __________ to protect their rights.

Accepted Answer

According to Locke, human beings establish a social contract to create a government that will protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property. Therefore, the establishment of a government is the best choice among the given options.

Question 10

According to Marx, a revolution of the proletariat will ultimately result in a classless society in which

Accepted Answer

Marx believed that the ultimate goal of the proletarian revolution was to establish a classless, stateless society where the government would eventually "wither away" as it becomes unnecessary.

Question 11

Conservatives hold that people are rational beings, but that they are also victims of passion-and, rationalism is not sufficient to guide action. Thus, which of the following are needed for the realization of human purposes?

Accepted Answer

Conservatives believe that in addition to reason, human behavior needs to be guided by moral principles, traditions, and laws. This promotes moral order and stability in society without the need for oppressive measures such as police states or totalitarianism. Stronger military forces may be necessary for national security, but they are not inherently linked to the realization of human purposes.

Question 12

Capitalism asserts the individual's right to own private property and to buy, sell, rent, and trade in a free market. The economic version of this liberty is the freedom to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

All of these options are included in the economic liberty of capitalism. The freedom to make contracts, bargain for one's services, and move from job to job are all fundamental principles of the free market system.

Question 13

Libertarianism can be found to the right of conservatism on a traditional ideological spectrum. Libertarians believe that

Accepted Answer

Libertarianism is characterized by a belief in individual liberty and limited government intervention in individuals' personal and economic lives. Therefore, the less government intervention, the better is the central tenet of Libertarianism. Choice A, B and D are not true for Libertarianism.

Question 14

Socialists envision a gradual change from private to public ownership of property. This process involves government seizure of industries from private owners and is known as

Accepted Answer

Socialists advocate for the gradual transfer of ownership from private to public hands through nationalization, which involves the government taking over private industries and making them publicly owned. Revolution refers to a dramatic, abrupt change, not the gradual process socialists envision. A constitutional amendment is a legal document that changes the framework of a government, not a process for transferring ownership. The merging of race and nation is not related to socialism or the question at hand.

Question 15

Classical liberalism as a political ideology is closely related to capitalism as a(n) _________ ideology.

Accepted Answer

Classical liberalism emphasizes the value of individual freedom and limited government intervention in the economy, which are key principles of capitalist economic systems.

Question 16

Modern liberals believe that true equality of opportunity cannot be achieved where significant numbers of people suffer from hunger, remediable illness, or extreme hardships in the conditions of life. They support political equality and support government efforts to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Modern liberals support government efforts to reduce various inequalities in society, including those related to hunger, remediable illness, and extreme hardships in the conditions of life. They believe in the importance of political equality and the need for government intervention to promote a more egalitarian society. They do not support the promotion of the rights of the rich or the implementation of socialism in the United States.

Question 17

The goal of the fascist state is the

Accepted Answer

Fascism is an authoritarian and nationalist political ideology that seeks to create a centralized and dictatorial government led by a single leader or party. The goal of fascism is to create a strong and dominant nation, often through militarism and expansionism, and to promote the superiority of a particular race or ethnicity. Therefore, the development of a superior race of humans is a key goal of the fascist state.

Question 18

According to communists, the _________ determines the class structure and the political system.

Accepted Answer

According to Marxist theory, the mode of production (i.e. the way society organizes and carries out production) determines the social classes that exist within a society and the political system that governs it. The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, outlines the principles of communism and the need for a socialist revolution to overthrow capitalism. The concepts of the proletariat (working class) and class struggle are also central to Marxist theory, but do not directly determine the class structure and political system on their own.

Question 19

The premise that the laws that govern human behavior come from the nature of humans themselves and can be universally applied is known as

Accepted Answer

The premise that the laws that govern human behavior come from the nature of humans themselves and can be universally applied is known as natural law. Inalienable rights refer to inherent rights that cannot be taken away by the government, divine rights of kings refer to the belief that monarchs are ordained by God to rule, and a social contract refers to a theoretical agreement among individuals to give up certain rights for protection and benefits provided by the government.

Question 20

The class that owns the mode of production is in the dominant position and exploits the other classes. This exploitation creates antagonism, or class struggle, which eventually bursts into

Accepted Answer

The statement describes the Marxist theory of class struggle leading to revolution, so the best choice is D) revolution. The other options are not directly related to the Marxist concept of class struggle and revolution.

Quiz 3: Power and Ideology