Question 1

The TQM Model looks for 'optimum' levels of quality effort.

Accepted Answer

The TQM (Total Quality Management) Model seeks continuous improvement and excellence in all aspects of the organization, not just 'optimum' levels of quality effort.

Question 2

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is concerned with:

Accepted Answer

SPC involves sampling the process during production to monitor and control quality, identify any variations or defects, and make necessary adjustments. It is not directly concerned with assessing customer ability, outgoing batches, or incoming materials.

Question 3

If a batch of products is deemed to be unsatisfactory and withdrawn, but is in fact of an acceptable standard to sell, what type of error has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A Type I Error occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected, analogous to a false positive. In this context, the batch being of acceptable standard (null hypothesis is true) but deemed unsatisfactory and withdrawn is akin to rejecting a true null hypothesis.

Question 4

If the natural variation of the process is greater than the specification range, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A process is considered "not capable" if the natural variation of the process is greater than the specification range. This means that the process is not able to consistently meet the required specifications, indicating a need for improvement.

Question 5

The range of weights that can be tolerated by the operation is called the:

Accepted Answer

The specification range defines the range of acceptable weights that can be tolerated by the operation. The acceptable mean may be a part of evaluating the weights, but it is not the specific range of weights that can be tolerated. The variable control limit and range of tolerance are not specific terms used to describe the range of weights that can be tolerated.

Question 6

Errors that occur when something is done, when a situation did not warrant it are called:

Accepted Answer

Type I errors are also known as "false positives" and occur when a hypothesis is rejected even though it is actually true. This means that something is done or a decision is made when the situation did not actually warrant it. Type II errors, on the other hand, are "false negatives" and occur when a hypothesis is accepted even though it is false. Type III errors are not a recognized category of errors.

Question 7

Statistical Process Control (SPC) gives guidelines on whether or not intervention should occur. In
The following scenario determine whether the occurrences should be seen as a sign to intervene:Alternating points either side of the mean.

Accepted Answer

Alternating points on either side of the mean in a control chart can indicate a systematic or predictable pattern, which is a sign that the process may not be in statistical control. This could be due to some form of assignable variation, and intervention may be necessary to investigate and correct the cause.

Question 8

Which of the following is a criticism of the TQM approach?

Accepted Answer

TQM is a continuous improvement approach that focuses on incremental changes, whereas business process re-engineering is a more radical approach that involves a complete redesign of processes. Therefore, the two approaches can be seen as incompatible with each other.

Question 9

UTL stands for:

Accepted Answer

UTL stands for Upper Control Tolerance.

Question 10

The range (R) chart picks up changes in the average output from the process.

Accepted Answer

The range (R) chart measures variability in output from the process, not changes in the average output. The X-bar chart is used to detect changes in the average output.

Question 11

Which of the following methods focuses on assessing whether an incoming or outgoing batch of materials or customers is acceptable or not?

Accepted Answer

Acceptance Sampling is specifically designed to assess whether an incoming or outgoing batch of materials or customers is acceptable or not. Production Assessment and Statistical Process Control are focused on ensuring ongoing quality and consistency in the production process, rather than on assessing individual batches.

Question 12

What name is given to quality characteristics which can assessed by judgement and are dichotomous (e.g. looks OK / not OK)?

Accepted Answer

Attributes are the quality characteristics that can be assessed by judgement and are dichotomous, meaning they can only have two states (e.g. pass/fail, acceptable/unacceptable, etc.). Variables, vectors, and components are not specifically related to this type of quality characteristic.

Question 13

TQM puts the customer at the forefront of quality decision making. Customer's needs and
expectations are always considered first in measuring achieved quality.

Accepted Answer

TQM (Total Quality Management) is a customer-focused approach to quality management where the customer's needs and expectations are given the highest priority in ensuring quality.

Question 14

TQM can be seen as an extension of the traditional approach to quality - inspection-based quality
control being replaced by the concept of quality assurance which in turn has been superseded by
TQM.

Accepted Answer

TQM builds upon the principles of quality assurance, which in turn builds upon the principles of inspection-based quality control. Therefore, TQM is an extension of the traditional approach to quality.

Question 15

The implied cost models of TQM are quite similar to those used in the traditional approach to
quality

Accepted Answer

The implied cost models of TQM are different from those used in the traditional approach to quality. TQM emphasizes the prevention of defects and the reduction of waste, which can result in higher initial costs but ultimately leads to lower costs in the long run. Traditional approaches to quality focus more on detecting and correcting defects, which can result in lower initial costs but higher costs over time due to rework, scrap, and customer complaints.

Question 16

If the process average is offset from the specification range, this is termed:

Accepted Answer

When the process average is offset from the specification range, it is referred to as "One-sided capability." This term reflects the situation where the process performance is skewed towards one limit of the specification range, either upper or lower, rather than being centered within the range.

Question 17

Errors that occur when nothing is done, but when something should have been done, are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Type II errors occur when a false null hypothesis is not rejected, meaning something should have been done (e.g., recognizing a difference or effect) but wasn't.

Question 18

In the Six Sigma approach, what is the name of those who work within improvement teams, possibly as team leaders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Six Sigma approach, what is...

Question 19

Statistical Process Control (SPC) gives guidelines on whether or not intervention should occur. In
The following scenario determine whether the occurrences should be seen as a sign to intervene:1 point over the control limit.

Accepted Answer

If a point is above the control limit, this is considered a signal that the process may be out of control and requires intervention. Therefore, the best choice is to intervene (choice A).

Question 20

Statistical Process Control (SPC) gives guidelines on whether or not intervention should occur. In
The following scenario determine whether the occurrences should be seen as a sign to intervene:3 points one side of the line, followed by 2 points the other side, followed by 1 back the other side.

Accepted Answer

This set of data is within control limits and does not have any distinct patterns or trends suggesting intervention is needed. It is just random variation within the process. Therefore, it is best to not intervene.

Quiz 17: Project Management

The TQM Model looks for 'optimum' levels of quality effort.

Statistical Process Control (SPC) is concerned with:

If a batch of products is deemed to be unsatisfactory and withdrawn, but is in fact of an acceptable standard to sell, what type of error has occurred?

If the natural variation of the process is greater than the specification range, which of the following is true?

The range of weights that can be tolerated by the operation is called the:

Errors that occur when something is done, when a situation did not warrant it are called:

Statistical Process Control (SPC) gives guidelines on whether or not intervention should occur. In The following scenario determine whether the occurrences should be seen as a sign to intervene:Alternating points either side of the mean.

Which of the following is a criticism of the TQM approach?

UTL stands for:

The range (R) chart picks up changes in the average output from the process.

Which of the following methods focuses on assessing whether an incoming or outgoing batch of materials or customers is acceptable or not?

What name is given to quality characteristics which can assessed by judgement and are dichotomous (e.g. looks OK / not OK) ?

TQM puts the customer at the forefront of quality decision making. Customer's needs and expectations are always considered first in measuring achieved quality.

TQM can be seen as an extension of the traditional approach to quality - inspection-based quality control being replaced by the concept of quality assurance which in turn has been superseded by TQM.

The implied cost models of TQM are quite similar to those used in the traditional approach to quality

If the process average is offset from the specification range, this is termed:

Errors that occur when nothing is done, but when something should have been done, are referred to as:

In the Six Sigma approach, what is the name of those who work within improvement teams, possibly as team leaders?

Statistical Process Control (SPC) gives guidelines on whether or not intervention should occur. In The following scenario determine whether the occurrences should be seen as a sign to intervene:1 point over the control limit.

Statistical Process Control (SPC) gives guidelines on whether or not intervention should occur. In The following scenario determine whether the occurrences should be seen as a sign to intervene:3 points one side of the line, followed by 2 points the other side, followed by 1 back the other side.