Question 1

Psychologist _____ proposed that we're motivated by five unmet needs.

Accepted Answer

Abraham Maslow proposed the five levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which include physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs.

Question 2

Employers who provide for flextime set guidelines and allow employees to designate starting and quitting times.

Accepted Answer

Employers who provide for flextime do set guidelines but allow employees to designate their starting and quitting times within those guidelines.

Question 3

You put a lot of effort into an assignment and get a C while your roommate, who put in less effort, gets a B+.According to the _____ theory of motivation, you're feeling that you've been treated unfairly relative to your roommate makes sense.

Accepted Answer

The equity theory of motivation suggests that individuals compare their inputs (effort, time, etc.) to their outputs (rewards, grades, etc.) with others who are in a similar situation. If an individual perceives an imbalance between their inputs and outputs compared to their peers, they may feel unfairly treated. In this scenario, the individual who put in more effort feels that they have received a lower reward (grade) compared to their roommate who put in less effort, thus perceiving an imbalance and feeling unfairly treated.

Question 4

The principle that a reward will motivate only if it's valued by the employee is key to the _____ theory of motivation.

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects the key principle behind the expectancy theory of motivation, which posits that individuals will be motivated to take actions that they believe will lead to desired outcomes, based on their own subjective perceptions of the likelihood of those outcomes and their personal preferences for them. In other words, rewards must be perceived as valuable and attainable in order to motivate employees.

Question 5

Equity theory focuses on our perceptions of how fairly we're treated relative to others.

Accepted Answer

This is correct. Equity theory is based on the idea that individuals compare their own inputs (such as effort, experience or skills) and outputs (such as pay, benefits or recognition) to those of others in order to determine whether they are being treated fairly. If they perceive an imbalance in this comparison, they may experience feelings of inequity and may take action to restore a sense of balance.

Question 6

Don left a high-paying, high-status job on Wall Street to run for governor of his state.Which need level would Maslow say Don is striving to fulfill by running for office?

Accepted Answer

Don's decision to leave a high-paying, high-status job indicates that his basic physiological and safety needs are already fulfilled. Rather, he is now focused on self-actualization, which involves fulfilling one's full potential and achieving personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 7

Which of the following is an important principle in the expectancy theory of motivation?

Accepted Answer

The principle in the expectancy theory of motivation is that the employee must value a reward enough to perform the work required to get it. This theory suggests that employees are motivated by the belief that their efforts will lead to acceptable performance which, in turn, will lead to rewards that they value. Therefore, the employee's perception of the value of the reward is an important factor in motivating them to perform.

Question 8

According to two?factor theory, motivation factors may alleviate job dissatisfaction but won't improve job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

According to two-factor theory, hygiene factors may alleviate job dissatisfaction, while motivational factors can improve job satisfaction.

Question 9

This summer you worked at a day care center where it was common for parents to be late picking up a child.You willingly stayed late and waited for these parents so that other employees could get home to their families.But at raise time, you got a much smaller raise than your co-workers.Your reaction was to say, "Forget it.I'm not working extra hours anymore." What theory of motivation best explains your behavior?

Accepted Answer

The equity theory suggests that people will compare their level of inputs (such as working extra hours) to their level of outputs (such as pay and benefits) to their peers. If they perceive an imbalance in this comparison, they may become demotivated or adjust their behavior, such as by reducing their extra effort. In this case, the employee may perceive an unfairness in receiving a smaller raise than their colleagues despite putting in extra hours, leading them to refuse to work extra hours in the future.

Question 10

When you calculate your ratio of contributions to rewards, compare it to your roommate's ratio, and conclude that the two are out of balance, you're applying the _____ theory of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The theory of equity suggests that individuals compare their own input-to-output ratios with those of others and that this information influences their actions. They seek to maintain fairness and equity in their relationships, and when they perceive an inequity (such as when someone's ratio is out of balance compared to their roommate's), they may become demotivated or take action to restore equity.

Question 11

Jack finds a job as a night janitor in the library, and although he feels secure, he starts to feel cut off from his friends.Which of the needs in Maslow's hierarchy is not being satisfied? How did Maslow characterize this need?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jack finds a job as a night...

Question 12

In two?factor theory, hygiene factors are those that contribute strongly to job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

Hygiene factors are actually those that are necessary to prevent job dissatisfaction but do not necessarily contribute to job satisfaction. Examples include salary, working conditions, company policies, and job security. Satisfaction comes from motivator factors such as recognition, meaningful work, and opportunities for growth and development.

Question 13

Psychologist Frederick Herzberg concluded that in order to understand employee satisfaction, he had to divide work factors into two categories.Describe these two categories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologist Frederick Herzberg concluded that in order...

Question 14

Many companies practice job redesign to make jobs more interesting and challenging.

Accepted Answer

Job redesign is a common practice among companies to increase job satisfaction and motivation among employees by making jobs more interesting, challenging, and fulfilling.

Question 15

According to Herzberg, giving somebody a raise or improving a person's working conditions will lead to increased job satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, factors such as salary and working conditions are considered hygiene factors which, when inadequate, can cause job dissatisfaction, but when improved or increased, do not lead to long-term job satisfaction. Instead, motivators such as recognition, responsibility, and personal growth are what lead to increased job satisfaction.

Question 16

Expectancy theory focuses on our perceptions of how fairly we feel we're being treated relative to others.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory is a motivational theory that explains how individuals choose among alternative behaviors, based on their expectations about the likelihood of different outcomes and the value they place on those outcomes. It does not primarily focus on perceptions of fairness relative to others; that concept is more closely related to equity theory.

Question 17

According to hierarchy?of?needs theory, our highest need is for _____.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, self-actualization is the highest need. This refers to the realization of one's full potential, achieving personal growth, and pursuing meaningful goals. Maslow believed that once lower-level needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, and esteem needs are met, individuals are motivated to pursue self-actualization.

Question 18

Explain Abraham Maslow's hierarchy-of-needs theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Abraham Maslow's hierarchy-of-needs theory....

Question 19

In Herzberg's two?factor theory, strong contributors to job satisfaction are called _____ factors.

Accepted Answer

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, strong contributors to job satisfaction are called motivation factors. Hygiene factors are contributors to dissatisfaction but not necessarily to satisfaction. Equity refers to fairness in the workplace, and satisfaction is the outcome of having a positive experience or feeling content in one's job.

Question 20

According to Abraham Maslow, safety needs, which are placed at the very bottom of his hierarchy of needs, are the easiest to satisfy.

Accepted Answer

According to Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs (such as food, water, and sleep) are the easiest to satisfy, followed by safety needs. However, safety needs still require basic resources such as shelter, security, and stability, which may not be readily available to everyone, especially in certain circumstances such as poverty, war, or natural disaster.

Quiz 6: Recruiting, Motivating, and Keeping Quality Employees