Question 1

For nicotine to have an impact on the nervous system,

Accepted Answer

Nicotine must bind to specific receptors on nerve cells in order to have an impact on the nervous system. These receptors, known as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, are typically found on neurons involved in dopamine release and other reward pathways.

Question 2

Edema results from the movement of ________ out of the blood vessels and into the surrounding tissues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edema results from the movement of ________...

Question 3

It's safe to smoke if you don't inhale.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Even if you don't inhale, smoking still exposes you to harmful chemicals and poses a risk to your health.

Question 4

People with emphysema have difficulty breathing because the walls of their alveoli break reducing the amount of _____________ available for gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with emphysema have difficulty breathing because...

Question 5

Smoking damages only the lungs.

Accepted Answer

Smoking can damage not only the lungs but also other organs and systems in the body, including the heart, blood vessels, immune system, and reproductive system.

Question 6

Secondhand smoke is dangerous to nonsmokers because it contains the same __________ that cause cancer in smokers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Secondhand smoke is dangerous to nonsmokers because...

Question 7

People with chronic bronchitis have difficulty catching their breath because the diameter of their bronchioles is _________ than normal

Accepted Answer

The answer of People with chronic bronchitis have difficulty catching...

Question 8

The addictive chemical in cigarette smoke is ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The addictive chemical in cigarette smoke is...

Question 9

Cigarette smoke contains aldehydes, aromatic amines, and N-nitrosamines, which are all ___________ that cause mutations in DNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cigarette smoke contains aldehydes, aromatic amines, and...

Question 10

Like two other addictive drugs, cocaine and heroin, nicotine stimulates the release of ________ in the nucleus accumbens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Like two other addictive drugs, cocaine and...

Question 11

The components of cigarette smoke in your blood would move from your lungs to the chambers of your heart through the _________ circuit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The components of cigarette smoke in your...

Question 12

Where would you expect the effects of nicotine to occur at the level of a series of interconnected neurons?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, specifically on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors located on the post-synaptic neurons in the synaptic cleft. It binds to these receptors and activates them, leading to the release of other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which produce the desired effects such as pleasure, alertness, and focus. Therefore, the effects of nicotine occur in the synaptic cleft where neurotransmitters are released and received by the neighboring neurons.

Question 13

Since nicotine is not normally found in your body, after smoking a cigarette it can easily _________ (a passive process) from the blood into your interstitial fluid and then to the cells of your nervous system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since nicotine is not normally found in...

Question 14

Smokers who try to quit often become irritable and eat more, because

Accepted Answer

Nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine, which is associated with pleasure and reward. When smokers quit, the absence of nicotine leads to reduced dopamine release, causing irritability and increased appetite as the body adjusts.

Question 15

Tobacco smoke inhaled by nonsmoking people near a smoker is called __________ smoke.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tobacco smoke inhaled by nonsmoking people near...

Question 16

Smoking paralyzes the cilia lining the respiratory system. This damages the lungs because

Accepted Answer

The cilia lining the respiratory system play a crucial role in sweeping out bacteria and particles before they can damage the walls of the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs). When these cilia are paralyzed by smoking, the respiratory system becomes less efficient at removing harmful substances, leading to damage to the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because while the mucus produced by the cilia does help to cover the alveoli, its primary function is to trap particles and bacteria, not to facilitate gas exchange. Choice C is incorrect because the cilia do not play a role in preventing backflow from the heart into the lungs, and choice D is incorrect because while the alveoli are the gas exchange structures of the lungs, the cilia are not directly involved in this process.

Question 17

Examine the graph below.
  
According to this graph, a person who quits smoking between the ages of 55 and 64 has a ____________ life expectancy than a person who has never smoked.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the graph below.
  
According to...

Question 18

When fluid collects in alveoli as a result of smoking, gas exchange is slower because

Accepted Answer

When fluid collects in alveoli, it creates a longer distance for gases to diffuse across, which slows down gas exchange. This is because gases diffuse more slowly over longer distances. Option A is incorrect because gases are actually able to dissolve in fluids. Option B is incorrect because the blockage of blood flow through capillaries would affect oxygen delivery to the tissues, not gas exchange in the lungs. Option C is also incorrect because an increase in surface area would actually facilitate gas exchange, not slow it down.

Question 19

In order for nicotine to affect a neuron, it would have to

Accepted Answer

Nicotine must first cross capillary walls, diffuse into interstitial fluid, and then reach a neuron's plasma membrane in order to affect a neuron. Therefore, the correct answer is all of the above (choice D).

Question 20

Tobacco kills most of its victims by causing diseases of the heart and circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

Tobacco use is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. These diseases can lead to heart attacks, stroke, and other life-threatening conditions.

Quiz 43: Smoking--Beyond Lung Cancer