Question 1

Your text reviews several findings regarding combat-related PTSD. These findings should be of concern to psychologists as well as to public health researchers and the community. Why?

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Question 2

When diagnosing obsessive-compulsive disorder in children, one must be mindful of the developmental trajectory for repetitive behaviours. What does this statement mean?

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Question 3

Explain how mind, body, and behaviour are all involved in a panic attack.

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Question 4

Explain the concept of "functional impairment" with respect to anxiety. How does this concept help the psychologist determine a diagnosis?

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Question 5

Research indicates a link between social anxiety disorder and substance abuse or dependence. Explain the possible causal relationship in this linkage.

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Question 6

Describe the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in the "fight-or-flight" response.

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Question 7

Discuss the concept of a "developmental hierarchy of fear." Include in your discussion the elements of chronological age and level of cognitive development.

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Question 8

One behavioural perspective on anxiety disorders maintains that fears may develop through vicarious learning.

Accepted Answer

Vicarious learning refers to learning through observation of others' experiences. According to this perspective, individuals may develop fears and anxiety by observing someone else's fearful reaction to a particular situation or object, even if they have not had a direct negative experience themselves.

Question 9

What impact does avoidance in social anxiety disorders have on the normal developmental trajectory of a child as he or she matures?

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Question 10

What types of behaviours normally occur with people diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder?

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Question 11

Discuss societal and cultural factors associated with generalized anxiety disorder.

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Question 12

How do escape and avoidance behaviours maintain anxiety about a feared situation? Provide an example to demonstrate your understanding. Please discuss each element in your example.

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Question 13

Neurosurgical procedures may be used to treat patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who are unresponsive to medications and behaviour therapy.

Accepted Answer

Neurosurgical procedures, such as deep brain stimulation and ablative surgery, have been used with some success in treating severe cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder that do not respond to other treatments. However, these procedures are typically considered a last resort, and potential risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Question 14

Describe how children with PTSD might demonstrate re-experiencing differently from adults. What developmental features should be considered in evaluating children for this disorder?

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Question 15

Provide evidence to support the concept of a diagnostic grouping termed "obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder."

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Question 16

SSRIs are the most effective drug treatment for anxiety disorders, with the exception of specific phobia.

Accepted Answer

According to research, SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are the most effective drug treatment for anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, they may not be as effective for specific phobia, which may be better treated with exposure therapy.

Question 17

A classic symptom of PTSD is re-experiencing. Explain how this symptom presents itself in the disorder.

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Question 18

As a psychologist specializing in panic disorder, you have expertise in agoraphobia. Imagine you have a client in your office. Explain the concept of "panic disorder with agoraphobia" and distinguish it from "panic disorder without agoraphobia."

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Question 19

Revised learning models of fear acquisition have incorporated biological and psychological vulnerabilities as well as environmental stressors that may be present before, during, and after a traumatic conditioning event to explain how the behaviour is acquired.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true as revised learning models of fear acquisition do incorporate biological and psychological vulnerabilities, as well as environmental stressors, to explain how the behavior is acquired before, during, and after a traumatic conditioning event.

Question 20

Behavioural inhibition is a concept first proposed by Jerome Kagan to describe a condition that develops in adults after extensive exposure.

Accepted Answer

Behavioural inhibition is not a condition that develops in adults after extensive exposure, but rather a temperament trait present in infancy and childhood characterized by a tendency to be cautious and fearful in new situations.

Quiz 4: Anxiety, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders