Question 1

The American Institute for Cancer Research has recommended all of the following for cancer prevention except :

Accepted Answer

The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends choosing whole grains over refined grains for cancer prevention.

Question 2

Vitamin A is water soluble and found in the non-fat part of the milk.

Accepted Answer

Vitamin A is actually fat soluble and is found in the fat part of milk.

Question 3

Vignette Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let's see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions. Donna read that cruciferous vegetables may reduce the incidence of cancer at several sites. Which is not a cruciferous vegetable?

Accepted Answer

Green beans are not a cruciferous vegetable. Cruciferous vegetables include broccoli, cauliflower, and cabbage.

Question 4

Timothy is an overweight business systems analyst who jogs for 45 minutes nearly every morning, drinks only black coffee and water, and is fond of broccoli and tofu. What should he do to reduce his cancer risk?

Accepted Answer

Reducing calorie intake to achieve a healthy weight can help lower cancer risk, as obesity is a known risk factor for several types of cancer.

Question 5

Vignette Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let's see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions. Donna's risk of skin cancer can be minimized by consuming foods high in beta-carotene such as _____.

Accepted Answer

Cantaloupe is high in beta-carotene, which can help minimize the risk of skin cancer.

Question 6

The human body is unable to synthesize most vitamins.

Accepted Answer

The human body is unable to synthesize most vitamins, therefore it is essential to obtain them through diet or supplementation.

Question 7

What are "free radicals"?

Accepted Answer

Free radicals are unstable and highly reactive molecules with unpaired electrons, which can cause damage to cells and contribute to chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. They are produced naturally in the body and can also be introduced through external sources like pollution and radiation.

Question 8

A characteristic of the fat-soluble vitamins is that excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues.

Accepted Answer

The fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are not excreted from the body as readily as water-soluble vitamins. Excess levels of these vitamins can accumulate in the liver and fatty tissues, which can lead to toxicity if consumed in too high of amounts.

Question 9

Choline is:

Accepted Answer

Choline is considered a conditionally essential nutrient because the body can synthesize it, but not always in sufficient amounts, making dietary intake necessary.

Question 10

Vignette Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let's see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions. The National Cancer Institute estimates that only about 14% of all cancers are associated with

Accepted Answer

Genetics and related risk factors are estimated to account for only about 14% of all cancers, according to the National Cancer Institute.

Question 11

Vignette Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let's see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions. Donna loves hot dogs and Sunday dinners at her mother's house with a traditional cured ham. Which type of cancer is she putting herself at an especially high risk of developing?

Accepted Answer

Stomach cancer is linked to a diet high in processed meats, such as hot dogs and cured ham.

Question 12

The carotenoids are a family of phytochemicals that include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Anthocyanin is not a carotenoid; it is a type of flavonoid, which is another class of phytochemicals.

Question 13

Why is it not necessary to pay special attention to dietary biotin or pantothenic acid?

Accepted Answer

Biotin and pantothenic acid are widely available in a variety of foods, making deficiencies rare and special dietary attention unnecessary.

Question 14

A diet low in fat-soluble vitamins will result in a more rapid onset of deficiency symptoms than one low in water-soluble vitamins.

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins (such as vitamin C and the B vitamins) are not stored in the body in significant amounts and are excreted more quickly, leading to a faster onset of deficiency symptoms compared to fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), which are stored in body fat and liver and are depleted more slowly.

Question 15

Overexposure to the sun can cause vitamin D toxicity.

Accepted Answer

Overexposure to the sun cannot cause vitamin D toxicity, as the body has a natural way of regulating vitamin D production and will stop making it once levels are sufficient. However, overexposure to the sun can increase the risk of skin damage and skin cancer.

Question 16

High blood levels of homocysteine:

Accepted Answer

High levels of homocysteine in the blood are often associated with deficiencies in vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate, which are necessary for its metabolism.

Question 17

Some of the vitamins serve as sources of energy.

Accepted Answer

Vitamins do not provide energy directly. They may play a role in energy production processes in the body, but they themselves are not sources of energy. Macronutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are the primary sources of energy.

Question 18

Vitamin supplements can help reduce stress, decrease fatigue, and increase energy.

Accepted Answer

While vitamin supplements can have various health benefits, there is limited scientific evidence to support the claim that they can reduce stress, decrease fatigue, or increase energy. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider before taking any supplements.

Question 19

Vignette Donna is a 22-year-old college student on the tennis team. She prides herself on staying in shape but often eats empty-calorie meals when she is in a rush. She knows that some family members have had different kinds of cancer and is curious to find out what steps, if any, she can take to prevent this from happening to her. She visits a reputable site on the Internet and gleans a lot of useful suggestions that she plans on implementing. Let's see if she has learned as much as you already know by answering these questions. At her sister's summer barbeque, Donna looks over the meats on the table to decide which to choose based on the method of preparation to possibly reduce her cancer risk. Which would be her best choice?

Accepted Answer

Stewed turkey is the best choice because stewing is a cooking method that does not involve high temperatures or smoke, which can produce carcinogenic compounds. Grilling, smoking, frying, and curing meats can increase the risk of cancer due to the formation of harmful substances like heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Question 20

Which of the following is classified as being a cancer initiator?

Accepted Answer

Ultraviolet light and cigarettes are both known to contain carcinogens that can initiate cancer by causing DNA damage.

Quiz 7: The Vitamins: A Functional Approach