Question 1

The process of Islamic legal and religious reasoning is called

Accepted Answer

The process of Islamic legal and religious reasoning is called ijtihad. In this process, legal scholars use their expertise in Islamic law to interpret scriptures and apply principles to new and changing circumstances.

Question 2

An American manufacturer has been asked to provide construction equipment to a foreign government. The contract is for a sizable amount, so the manufacturer wants to protect itself should the foreign government refuse to pay for the equipment once it has been delivered. What should the American manufacturer insist upon having if it wants to protect its right to sue the government in the event it does not pay for the goods?

Accepted Answer

The American manufacturer should insist on a waiver of immunity. This will allow the manufacturer to sue the foreign government in the event that it does not pay for the equipment. Without the waiver, the foreign government would have immunity from legal action in the American courts.

Question 3

The United States and Argentina have signed the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). Oxtron, Inc., a U.S. company, and Leer, an Argentinean company, have entered into a contract under which Oxtron is to ship medical devices to Leer. The contract does not include a choice of law provision. The contract will be governed by

Accepted Answer

Since both the United States and Argentina have signed the CISG, and there is no choice of law provision in the contract, the CISG will govern the contract for the international sale of goods between Oxtron and Leer.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes common law ?

Accepted Answer

Common law is a system where judges base their decisions on prior cases and legal principles established through judicial precedent, rather than on codified laws. This system of law derives from the judicial decisions made in English courts over centuries, and is typically applied in countries with a legal system based on English law.

Question 5

The Australian government has opened a for-profit tourist information center in New York City. If a dispute arises over the lease of the storefront, may the landlord sue the Australian government in the United States courts?

Accepted Answer

The Australian government opened a for-profit tourist information center, indicating that it is engaged in a commercial activity. As such, the landlord would likely be able to sue the Australian government in the United States courts for any lease disputes that arise.

Question 6

Notren, Inc., a U.S. company, and SWT, a Singapore company, entered into a contract under which SWT is to ship party supplies to Notren. One of the terms of the contract states, "Any disputes that arise under this contract will be resolved in the courts of Singapore." This contract term is a

Accepted Answer

The contract term stating that any disputes will be resolved in the courts of Singapore is a choice of forum clause. This type of clause specifies the jurisdiction in which any legal disputes arising from the contract will be resolved.

Question 7

Historically, many countries had dissimilar and confusing intellectual property rules covering copyrights, trademarks, and patents. Which of the following served to clarify and harmonize the trade-related aspects of intellectual property?

Accepted Answer

TRIPs, or the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, served to clarify and harmonize the trade-related aspects of intellectual property. It was established through the World Trade Organization and required all member countries to adhere to certain minimum standards for intellectual property protection.

Question 8

The primary goal of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)was to

Accepted Answer

The primary goal of NAFTA was to eliminate almost all trade barriers between Canada, the United States, and Mexico. This would create a free trade zone among the three countries, allowing for the free flow of goods and services across borders. The idea was to create a larger market that would benefit all three countries by increasing trade and economic growth. While NAFTA also involved some provisions for labor and environmental standards, the central goal was to open up trade between the three countries.

Question 9

UN peacekeeping forces are sent into a developing nation to help the elected government resist an attempted coup by rebels. This action was ordered by the

Accepted Answer

The UN Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security, and has the authority to order the deployment of peacekeeping forces. In this scenario, the attempted coup and the need to support the elected government would fall under the Security Council's purview. The other choices listed are not directly involved in authorizing a peacekeeping mission.

Question 10

Which of the following administers the day-to-day operations of the United Nations?

Accepted Answer

The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, is responsible for administering the day-to-day operations of the United Nations, including managing the UN's programs and services and providing support to its Member States. The General Assembly sets the overall policy direction for the UN, while the Security Council has primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The President of the UN General Assembly serves as its leader for a one-year term but does not administer the day-to-day operations of the organization.

Question 11

The Uniform Foreign Money Judgments Recognition Act provides that U.S. courts will recognize foreign judgments provided certain conditions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those conditions?

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Foreign Money Judgments Recognition Act applies to foreign judgments, meaning they were rendered by a court outside of the United States. Therefore, the condition that the case was heard in an American court is not applicable. The other conditions listed are requirements for recognition of a foreign judgment under the Act.

Question 12

Extraterritoriality can be defined as

Accepted Answer

Extraterritoriality refers to the power of one nation to impose its laws in other countries, which can interfere with a country's sovereignty and lead to diplomatic tensions. This concept is often applied in cases of international trade, where a country may impose penalties or regulations on foreign companies operating within its borders. This can create conflicts with the laws and regulations of the foreign companies' home country, leading to disputes that must be resolved through negotiation or international arbitration.

Question 13

Which of the following​ is not a lawmaking body but is so influential that many of its voluntary rules, such as the Incoterms, are accepted as the global standard in international business?

Accepted Answer

The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is not a lawmaking body, but it is highly influential in setting voluntary rules and standards for international trade, such as the Incoterms, which are widely accepted and used globally in international business transactions.

Question 14

A binding process of resolving legal disputes by submitting them to a neutral third party is called

Accepted Answer

The binding process of resolving legal disputes by submitting them to a neutral third party is called arbitration. Mediation is a non-binding process, investigation is not necessarily a legal dispute resolution process, and enforcement refers to the process of ensuring compliance with a legal decision, but is not a direct method of resolving a dispute.

Question 15

The doctrine of stare decisis is ​fundamental to

Accepted Answer

Stare decisis is a Latin term meaning "to stand by things decided." It is a principle of common law legal systems, which emphasizes that decisions made in past cases should be followed in future cases, even if the facts of the cases are different. This principle helps to ensure consistency, predictability, and fairness in the legal system.

Question 16

A treaty is said to be _____ when those who have drafted it agree that it is in final form.

Accepted Answer

A treaty is considered adopted when the negotiators or representatives of the countries involved in the negotiation agree on the final text of the treaty. Adoption does not mean that the treaty has become legally binding or that it has entered into force. Ratification is the process by which the countries confirm their acceptance of the treaty and commit to fulfilling its obligations. Entry into force is the moment when the treaty becomes legally binding for the parties that have ratified it. Bound is not a term commonly used in the context of treaty-making.

Question 17

In which nation is shari'a most likely to be practiced?

Accepted Answer

Shari'a law is based on Islamic principles and is most often practiced in countries where Islam is the dominant religion, such as Saudi Arabia. Other countries with significant Muslim populations may also incorporate some aspects of Shari'a into their legal systems. Australia, Brazil, and Israel are not typically associated with implementing Shari'a as a legal framework.

Question 18

The principle that the courts of one nation lack the power to hear suits against foreign governments is called

Accepted Answer

The principle that the courts of one nation lack the power to hear suits against foreign governments is known as sovereign immunity. This means that foreign governments are immune from being sued in the courts of another country, and is recognized as a fundamental principle of international law.

Question 19

What is a major argument by the United States against the GATT Treaty?

Accepted Answer

The United States has raised concerns about competing against countries that have access to large pools of labor that can be exploited, which can create an uneven playing field in international trade. This is a significant argument against the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) as it relates to the fairness and equity of trade practices.

Question 20

_______ is the term used to describe certain fundamental principles of international law that cannot be altered by custom or practice.

Accepted Answer

Customary international law refers to certain principles that are considered to be binding on all nations and cannot be altered by mere custom or practice. These principles are based on the general acceptance and recognition of certain norms and rules by the international community of states. They are considered to be a part of the law of nations and are binding on all members of the international community. Sovereign immunity and extraterritoriality are different concepts that relate to the immunity of states and its officials from legal proceedings in foreign jurisdictions. Gharar, on the other hand, is a concept in Islamic law that refers to uncertainty or risk in commercial transactions.

Quiz 9: International Law

The process of Islamic legal and religious reasoning is called

Which of the following statements best describes common law ?

The Australian government has opened a for-profit tourist information center in New York City. If a dispute arises over the lease of the storefront, may the landlord sue the Australian government in the United States courts?

Notren, Inc., a U.S. company, and SWT, a Singapore company, entered into a contract under which SWT is to ship party supplies to Notren. One of the terms of the contract states, "Any disputes that arise under this contract will be resolved in the courts of Singapore." This contract term is a

Historically, many countries had dissimilar and confusing intellectual property rules covering copyrights, trademarks, and patents. Which of the following served to clarify and harmonize the trade-related aspects of intellectual property?

The primary goal of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was to

UN peacekeeping forces are sent into a developing nation to help the elected government resist an attempted coup by rebels. This action was ordered by the

Which of the following administers the day-to-day operations of the United Nations?

The Uniform Foreign Money Judgments Recognition Act provides that U.S. courts will recognize foreign judgments provided certain conditions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those conditions?

Extraterritoriality can be defined as

Which of the following is not a lawmaking body but is so influential that many of its voluntary rules, such as the Incoterms, are accepted as the global standard in international business?

A binding process of resolving legal disputes by submitting them to a neutral third party is called

The doctrine of stare decisis is fundamental to

A treaty is said to be _____ when those who have drafted it agree that it is in final form.

In which nation is shari'a most likely to be practiced?

The principle that the courts of one nation lack the power to hear suits against foreign governments is called

What is a major argument by the United States against the GATT Treaty?

_______ is the term used to describe certain fundamental principles of international law that cannot be altered by custom or practice.

Quiz 9: International Law

The process of Islamic legal and religious reasoning is called

Which of the following statements best describes common law ?

The Australian government has opened a for-profit tourist information center in New York City. If a dispute arises over the lease of the storefront, may the landlord sue the Australian government in the United States courts?

Notren, Inc., a U.S. company, and SWT, a Singapore company, entered into a contract under which SWT is to ship party supplies to Notren. One of the terms of the contract states, "Any disputes that arise under this contract will be resolved in the courts of Singapore." This contract term is a

Historically, many countries had dissimilar and confusing intellectual property rules covering copyrights, trademarks, and patents. Which of the following served to clarify and harmonize the trade-related aspects of intellectual property?

The primary goal of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was to

UN peacekeeping forces are sent into a developing nation to help the elected government resist an attempted coup by rebels. This action was ordered by the

Which of the following administers the day-to-day operations of the United Nations?

The Uniform Foreign Money Judgments Recognition Act provides that U.S. courts will recognize foreign judgments provided certain conditions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those conditions?

Extraterritoriality can be defined as

Which of the following​ is not a lawmaking body but is so influential that many of its voluntary rules, such as the Incoterms, are accepted as the global standard in international business?

A binding process of resolving legal disputes by submitting them to a neutral third party is called

The doctrine of stare decisis is ​fundamental to

A treaty is said to be _____ when those who have drafted it agree that it is in final form.

In which nation is shari'a most likely to be practiced?

The principle that the courts of one nation lack the power to hear suits against foreign governments is called

What is a major argument by the United States against the GATT Treaty?

_______ is the term used to describe certain fundamental principles of international law that cannot be altered by custom or practice.

Which of the following is not a lawmaking body but is so influential that many of its voluntary rules, such as the Incoterms, are accepted as the global standard in international business?

The doctrine of stare decisis is fundamental to