Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral remedy to treat insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Drinking a glass of wine before bedtime, although it might initially seem to help by making one feel drowsy, can actually disrupt sleep patterns and is not recommended as a behavioral remedy for insomnia.

Question 2

The reason that sleeptalking makes little sense and why sleepwalkers are confused and remember little when awakened is that both sleep disturbances occur during

Accepted Answer

Sleeptalking and sleepwalking occur during deep NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, specifically during stages 3 and 4, when the brain's activity is at its lowest, making it difficult for individuals to make sense or remember events if awakened.

Question 3

Regarding sleepwalkers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalkers often have their eyes open, which allows them to navigate their environment, albeit in a limited and unconscious manner.

Question 4

Regarding sleeptalking, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Sleeptalking, or somniloquy, can occur during any sleep stage and often involves nonsensical or irrelevant speech rather than coherent or meaningful dialogue. It doesn't necessarily reflect dream content and can happen outside of REM sleep, where most vivid dreaming occurs.

Question 5

Regarding sleepwalkers, which of the following statements is\are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking typically occurs during the deep stages of sleep, specifically NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) stages 3 and 4, rather than being associated with narcolepsy or being an expression of dream content, which occurs during REM sleep.

Question 6

Eating cookies, bread, pasta, oatmeal, or dry cereal as a snack before bed can increase sleepiness because it increases the amount of

Accepted Answer

Eating foods rich in carbohydrates can increase the level of tryptophan in the brain, which the body uses to make serotonin, a neurotransmitter that promotes sleepiness.

Question 7

Sleepwalking is also referred to as

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism is the medical term for sleepwalking, which involves walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep.

Question 8

Jacob is trying to go to sleep. So, he tries to keep his eyes open (in the dark)and stay awake as long as possible. This allows sleep to overtake him unexpectedly and lowers performance anxiety. This technique is known as

Accepted Answer

Paradoxical intention is a cognitive technique that involves trying to engage in the feared behavior or outcome. In the context of insomnia, it means trying to stay awake instead of trying to fall asleep, which can reduce performance anxiety about sleeping and thus make sleep come more easily.

Question 9

The official name for sleepsex is

Accepted Answer

Sexsomnia is the correct term for engaging in sexual activities while asleep, similar to sleepwalking but involving sexual behavior.

Question 10

If Javier has trouble sleeping, he usually gets up and munches on some cookies, pretzels, or dry cereal, and this seems to help him sleep. This sleep-inducing technique

Accepted Answer

Eating foods like cookies, pretzels, or dry cereal can increase the amount of tryptophan reaching the brain, which in turn can increase serotonin levels. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that can promote sleep.

Question 11

Exercise can promote sleep in all of the following situations EXCEPT when engaging in

Accepted Answer

Strenuous exercise close to bedtime, such as three hours before, can actually hinder sleep because it increases heart rate and adrenaline levels, making it harder to fall asleep.

Question 12

What do somnambulism, sleeptalking, and night terrors all have in common?

Accepted Answer

Somnambulism (sleepwalking), sleeptalking, and night terrors all occur during NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, particularly in the deeper stages of NREM sleep, rather than during REM sleep, where dreaming is most common.

Question 13

Somnambulists are individuals who

Accepted Answer

Somnambulists are individuals who walk in their sleep, which is the definition of somnambulism.

Question 14

People with insomnia can lower their arousal level before sleep by doing all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Engaging in strenuous exercise one to two hours before bedtime can actually increase arousal levels and make it harder to fall asleep, contrary to the other options which are aimed at reducing arousal and promoting relaxation.

Question 15

Which of the following behaviors have somnambulists exhibited during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Somnambulists, or sleepwalkers, have been known to perform a wide range of complex behaviors while asleep, including cooking and eating, driving a car, handling a weapon, and playing a musical instrument. These activities demonstrate the remarkable, albeit potentially dangerous, capabilities of individuals during sleepwalking episodes.

Question 16

Which of the following would NOT be good advice for treating insomnia?

Accepted Answer

Reading a book, watching TV, or playing video games while in bed can actually stimulate the brain rather than induce drowsiness, making it harder to fall asleep.

Question 17

Which of the following occurs during REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Nightmares occur during REM sleep, while night terrors and sleepwalking typically occur during non-REM sleep stages.

Question 18

It has been found that what you eat can affect how easily you go to sleep. For example, eating which of the following types of foods increases the amount of tryptophan that reaches the brain and causes sleepiness?

Accepted Answer

Starchy foods increase the amount of tryptophan that reaches the brain, which in turn can cause sleepiness. This is because the insulin released after eating starchy foods helps tryptophan enter the brain.

Question 19

Which sleep disturbance occurs during NREM sleep with the person engaging in activities that are normally engaged in when the person is awake?

Accepted Answer

Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, occurs during the deep stages of NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep. During these episodes, individuals can perform activities that are usually performed while fully conscious, such as walking around, without any memory of doing so upon waking.

Question 20

Relaxation, a positive mood, and sleepiness occur when we eat starchy foods because these foods increase the amount of tryptophan and, in turn, increase

Accepted Answer

Starchy foods can increase the amount of tryptophan in the brain, which is a precursor to serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter associated with feelings of well-being and happiness, and its increase can lead to relaxation, a positive mood, and sleepiness.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness