Question 1

If you are selectively attending to the terms you are trying to study, they will most likely be automatically

Accepted Answer

Selective attention to study materials facilitates the process of retrieving information from sensory memory (where all sensory input is temporarily stored) and encoding it into short-term memory, where it can be actively worked with and further processed. Iconic memory is a type of sensory memory specific to visual information, and while it is the initial stage of memory storage, the act of studying and focusing on terms implies moving beyond mere sensory storage to active processing and encoding in short-term memory.

Question 2

A person is able to move information to the second memory stage by focusing on a selected portion of a sensory input, a process known as

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the process by which a person focuses on a particular area of interest from the surrounding sensory environment, allowing that information to be passed from the sensory memory to the short-term memory stage.

Question 3

A brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sound is first heard is referred to as __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory refers to the brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sound is first heard, acting as a form of sensory memory specifically for auditory information.

Question 4

Which stage of memory allows us to perceive motion pictures as seamless and connected images?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is responsible for holding sensory information long enough for it to be recognized, and it includes iconic memory for visual inputs. This allows us to perceive motion pictures as seamless and connected images because it briefly retains the image of each frame long enough for our brains to process them as continuous motion.

Question 5

Which memory stage are we largely unaware of but which holds information just long enough for it to be moved to the second memory stage?

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory is the stage of memory that holds information just long enough (a fraction of a second for visual information, a few seconds for auditory information) for it to be processed further. We are largely unaware of this stage because it operates below the level of conscious thought, capturing and briefly holding sensory information from our environment.

Question 6

If you look at a flower and then quickly close your eyes, you will see a fleeting visual image for about one-half second that is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The fleeting visual image that persists for about one-half second after looking at an object and then closing your eyes is referred to as iconic memory, which is a type of sensory memory for visual stimuli.

Question 7

The types of sensory memory include

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory refers to the brief visual memory of an image or scene, and echoic memory refers to the brief auditory memory of sounds. These are types of sensory memory, which is the shortest-term element of memory. It allows individuals to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased.

Question 8

Which of the following determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory by focusing on particular objects and filtering out others.

Question 9

As your friend reads her shopping list to you in her apartment, you are aware that the radio is playing in the background. The fact that you remember what your friend said and not what the announcer on the radio said can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

Selective attention allows individuals to focus on a specific stimulus while ignoring others, enabling them to remember what is deemed important, such as a friend's words, over background distractions like a radio announcer.

Question 10

Working memory is a part of which memory system?

Accepted Answer

Working memory is a component of short-term memory, where information is temporarily held and manipulated for cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension.

Question 11

Which of the following would be an example of short-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory involves temporarily holding information in mind for a brief period, such as remembering a phone number long enough to dial it, which is exactly what option B describes. The other options involve long-term memory, which is used for storing information over extended periods.

Question 12

You quickly walk through your living room and hear a few words of a commercial coming from the television. An exact copy of these words will remain in your auditory system for about two seconds and are referred to as __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory refers to the auditory sensory memory that retains exact copies of sounds for a brief period, typically 2-4 seconds, allowing the brain to process and understand auditory information.

Question 13

Another name for short-term memory, especially as it is used for thinking and problem-solving, is __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Working memory is the term used to describe the type of short-term memory involved in the processing and manipulation of information for tasks such as thinking and problem-solving.

Question 14

You and a friend are seated in the large auditorium psychology class. There are two students seated right behind you talking about what they did last weekend. You have trouble concentrating on what the teacher is saying, but you picked up on a lot of campus gossip from the conversation going on behind you. At the end of class, you relate to your friend the latest gossip heard during class, but she does not remember hearing any gossip and is really worried about how she will complete the new assignment that the teacher discussed today. You think, "What new assignment?" This explains the difference in your and your friend's

Accepted Answer

Selective attention explains the difference in focus between you and your friend. You were focused on the gossip behind you, while your friend concentrated on the teacher's assignment discussion.

Question 15

Selective attention determines what information moves from

Accepted Answer

Selective attention determines what information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory, as it involves focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others. This process is crucial for effectively managing the vast amount of information our senses take in.

Question 16

As you pay attention to the psychology definitions you are reading, you become consciously aware of these definitions when they are encoded in __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is where information is consciously processed and encoded, allowing you to become aware of it before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory. Iconic and echoic memories are types of sensory memory, and implicit memory involves unconscious recall.

Question 17

Echoic memory involves a brief flurry of activity in the auditory system that lasts for up to __________ second(s).

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory, a type of sensory memory specific to auditory information, typically lasts for up to two seconds.

Question 18

The memory system used to hold small amounts of information for relatively brief time periods of approximately a dozen seconds or so is called __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory is specifically designed to hold a small amount of information for brief periods, typically around 20 seconds, making it the correct choice for the description provided.

Question 19

Visual sensory images that persist for about one-half second after being seen are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory refers to the visual sensory memory that holds an exact copy of the incoming visual input but for no more than a brief period, typically around one-half second. This allows for a continuous perception of the visual world despite the rapid movements of our eyes.

Question 20

Iconic memory involves fleeting visual images that persist for about __________ second(s).

Accepted Answer

Iconic memory, a type of sensory memory, involves fleeting visual images that last for about one-half second before fading.

Quiz 7: Memory