Question 1

Many specific therapies have turned out to be irrelevant or counterproductive when used with different cultural groups. This finding illustrates that ​

Accepted Answer

This finding illustrates that behavior is influenced by cultural heritage, as therapies effective in one culture may not be suitable for another due to differing cultural norms and values.

Question 2

Which of the following factors can affect the outcome of a treatment program?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed can affect the outcome of a treatment program. The efficacy of the treatment itself directly influences outcomes, regression toward the mean can cause apparent changes in outcomes that are not due to the treatment, and placebo effects can lead to improvements that are not directly caused by the treatment's active components.

Question 3

In terms of the relationship between a therapist's professional background and therapeutic efficacy, researchers have found that

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the therapeutic efficacy is more closely related to factors such as the therapeutic alliance, empathy, and listening skills rather than the therapist's specific professional background.

Question 4

Placebo effects occur when

Accepted Answer

Placebo effects are psychological and physiological responses that occur when individuals believe they are receiving an effective treatment, even though the treatment is inactive or fake. This belief can lead to real changes in their health or perception of symptoms, demonstrating the power of expectation and suggestion.

Question 5

Felicity scored 98% on her first statistics exam, while Baxter scored only 35%. Felicity studied really hard in an attempt to score 100% on the next exam. Baxter decided he wasn't going to be successful in the course, so he didn't study at all. On the second exam Felicity scored 89%, while Baxter scored 42%. One explanation for this might be

Accepted Answer

The concept of regression toward the mean explains that extreme scores (both high and low) on one occasion tend to be closer to the average on subsequent occasions. Felicity's score decreased from an extremely high score towards the average, and Baxter's score increased from an extremely low score towards the average.

Question 6

With regard to a therapist's sex, ​

Accepted Answer

The choice of a therapist's sex is a personal preference and does not universally affect the outcome of therapy. Individuals should feel free to choose a therapist of any sex if it is important to them for comfort, understanding, or any other reason.

Question 7

Which of the following has NOT been an outcome of deinstitutionalization?

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization primarily aimed to move patients out of state mental hospitals into community-based treatment settings, leading to a decrease in inpatient populations and an increase in outpatient care, not an increase in the average length of stay.

Question 8

Zachary has been very depressed for several weeks. He just started therapy and went to his therapist for the first time yesterday. Today, he says that while he is still a "little down," he feels much less depressed than he was. Which of the following pairs of factors are MOST likely to have contributed to his improved mood?

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect, which can occur when a person believes they are receiving treatment and feels better despite the treatment having no therapeutic effect, and regression toward the mean, a statistical phenomenon where extreme feelings (like severe depression) naturally return to a more average state over time, are likely contributing to Zachary's rapid improvement after just one therapy session.

Question 9

The different approaches to psychotherapy ​

Accepted Answer

The development of different approaches to psychotherapy has largely been driven by the tension and debates between competing theories and perspectives within the field of psychology. Each approach offers unique theories on human behavior, thought processes, and methods for treatment, reflecting the diversity of understanding and methodology in the field.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning the sex of a therapist is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

The perception and beliefs of the client about the importance of the therapist's sex can significantly impact the therapeutic process and outcome. If a client believes that the sex of the therapist matters, this belief can influence their comfort level, openness, and the therapeutic relationship overall.

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning homeless individuals is true? ​

Accepted Answer

Approximately 1/3 of the homeless population suffers from severe mental illness, highlighting the significant overlap between homelessness and mental health issues.

Question 12

Consistent with the phenomenon of regression toward the mean, you would expect that the person who receives the highest grade in the class on the first psychology exam

Accepted Answer

Regression toward the mean suggests that if someone scores extremely high on a first test, their score on a subsequent test will likely be high but closer to the average, meaning they might not achieve the very highest score again.

Question 13

Today, there are many alternative approaches to treatment, including client-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, and biomedical therapies. This wide range of alternatives illustrates that ​

Accepted Answer

The wide range of alternative approaches to treatment in psychology demonstrates the field's theoretical diversity, as each approach is based on different theories about how the mind works and how behavior can be changed.

Question 14

Two major unanticipated problems that occurred as a result of deinstitutionalization involve ​

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization led to a "revolving door" phenomenon, where patients are repeatedly admitted and discharged without long-term solutions, and a significant rise in homelessness among the mentally ill due to lack of support and resources.

Question 15

Regression toward the mean occurs when

Accepted Answer

Regression toward the mean refers to the phenomenon where if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement. This is because the first measurement may be influenced by temporary, situational factors that are less likely to affect the second measurement in the same way.

Question 16

Professor Newton gave a midterm exam where the scores ranged from 28% to 89%; the average score for the exam was 69%. Based on the phenomenon known as regression toward the mean, you should expect that

Accepted Answer

Regression toward the mean suggests that those who scored exceptionally high (or low) on the midterm are likely to score closer to the average on the final, meaning high scorers might not perform as well comparatively.

Question 17

The transferring of treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities is referred to as ​

Accepted Answer

Deinstitutionalization refers to the process of transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities, aiming to integrate individuals with mental health conditions into the community and improve their quality of life.

Question 18

What percentage of psychiatric inpatients is rehospitalized within a year of their release?

Accepted Answer

Studies and statistics have shown that about 40-50% of psychiatric inpatients are rehospitalized within a year of their release, indicating a significant challenge in maintaining long-term stability and effectiveness of treatment plans for this population.

Question 19

Psychotherapists who are _____ tend to be the most expensive.

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapists in private practice tend to be the most expensive because they set their own rates, do not rely on institutional funding, and often cater to clients who can afford out-of-pocket payments for personalized and confidential services.

Question 20

Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless indicate that, compared to the non-homeless, homeless people are

Accepted Answer

Studies consistently show that homeless individuals are more likely to suffer from mental health problems compared to the non-homeless population. This is due to a variety of factors including the stress of homelessness, lack of access to healthcare, and pre-existing conditions that may contribute to their homelessness.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders