Question 1

_____ refers to the initial stage of learning something.

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Question 2

Sally developed a nasty stomach bug a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi, she feels sick to her stomach. Sally is demonstrating a(n) _____.

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Question 3

Recent research has shown that classical conditioning procedures can lead to _____, or a decrease in the production of antibodies.

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Question 4

On a cumulative recorder, a rapid response rate produces a(n) _____ slope.

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Question 5

_____ refers to a relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.

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Question 6

_____ reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened because it is followed by the presentation of a desirable stimulus; _____ reinforcement occurs when a response is strengthened as the result of the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

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Question 7

Food would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer, while money would be considered a(n) _____ reinforcer.

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Question 8

In a(n) _____ schedule, the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of nonreinforced responses.

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Question 9

Observational learning occurs when an organism's responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called _____.

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Question 10

In operant conditioning, _____ are events that typically precede the target response.

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Question 11

The reappearance of an extinguished response is known as _____.

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Question 12

_____ occurs when an event weakens the likelihood that a response will be repeated.

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Question 13

In Pavlov's research on classical conditioning, the meat powder was the _____ stimulus.

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Question 14

In higher-order conditioning, a conditioned stimulus functions as if it were a(n) _____ stimulus.

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Question 15

In classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus becomes the _____ stimulus because of its association with the _____ stimulus.

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Question 16

_____ reinforcement occurs when every instance of a designated response is reinforced; _____ reinforcement occurs when a designated response is reinforced only some of the time.

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Question 17

The majority of research into the impact of media violence on behavior has focused on the role of _____ learning.

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Question 18

_____ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response.

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Question 19

_____ conditioning is a form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences.

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Question 20

When a behavior is strengthened indirectly through vicarious conditioning, the process at work is _____ learning.

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Quiz 6: Learning