Question 1

People in the United States live in what type of society?

Accepted Answer

The United States is a stratified society, meaning that individuals are divided into different social classes based on factors such as income, education, and occupation. This division creates unequal access to resources and opportunities, perpetuating a system of inequality.

Question 2

Poverty-ridden neighborhoods that suffer high rates of population turnover and are incapable of inducing residents to remain are known as:

Accepted Answer

Transitional neighborhoods are areas experiencing high population turnover and instability, often due to economic and social challenges, making it difficult to retain residents.

Question 3

Individuals who have been cut off from society and whose members lack the education and skills needed to be effectively in demand in modern society are considered members of the:

Accepted Answer

The term "underclass" refers to a group of people who are marginalized from mainstream society and often lack the education and skills necessary to participate effectively in the economy.

Question 4

According to Shaw and McKay's statistical analysis, in which concentric zones were the highest rates of crime found?

Accepted Answer

Shaw and McKay's analysis found that the highest rates of crime were in the innermost zones, particularly Zone I (the central business district) and Zone II (the zone of transition), where social disorganization was most prevalent.

Question 5

_________occurs when the rules expressed in the criminal law clash with the demands of group conduct norms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________occurs when the rules expressed in the...

Question 6

The Division of Labor in Society was authored by:

Accepted Answer

The Division of Labor in Society is a book authored by Emile Durkheim, a prominent French sociologist.

Question 7

In 1966, Oscar Lewis argued that the crushing lifestyle of lower-class areas produce ____, which is/are passed from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

Oscar Lewis argued that the crushing lifestyle of lower-class areas produce a culture of poverty, which is passed from one generation to the next. This culture of poverty includes values and beliefs that perpetuate poverty, such as a lack of motivation, a fatalistic attitude, and a distrust of social institutions.

Question 8

The rules governing day-to-day living conditions within a culture, group, or political structure are termed "conduct _________."

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rules governing day-to-day living conditions within...

Question 9

Members of the underclass who are socially isolated, live in urban inner cities, occupy the bottom rung of the social ladder, and are the victims of discrimination are known as:

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe members of the underclass who are socially isolated, live in urban inner cities, occupy the bottom rung of the social ladder, and are the victims of discrimination is "the truly disadvantaged."

Question 10

What are the three branches of social structure theory?

Accepted Answer

The three branches of social structure theory are social disorganization theory, strain theory, and cultural deviance theory. Option D lists the correct three branches. Option A is incorrect because social learning theory is not a branch of social structure theory. Option B is incorrect because it includes deprivation theory, which is not a widely recognized branch of social structure theory. Option C is incorrect because anomie theory is not a recognized branch of social structure theory, although it is related to strain theory.

Question 11

Which of the following groups has the lowest level of income?

Accepted Answer

African Americans generally have lower income levels compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Question 12

The theory that holds that crime is a function of one's inability to achieve personal goals (such as earning money, owning a home, having a nice car) because society is stratified by socioeconomic class is called:

Accepted Answer

The theory that crime is a result of an individual's inability to achieve personal goals due to societal inequalities is called strain theory. It suggests that when individuals are unable to attain their goals through legitimate means, they may turn to illegal or deviant behavior as an alternative. This theory was developed by Robert Merton as a part of his social structure and anomie theory.

Question 13

Social disorganization theory focuses on which of the following conditions in the urban environment?

Accepted Answer

Social disorganization theory focuses on the breakdown or absence of social control in a community, which leads to an increase in crime and deviance. This breakdown can result from factors such as deteriorated housing, economic decline, and inadequate community networks.

Question 14

Social Disorganization Theory was first popularized by the work of:

Accepted Answer

Social Disorganization Theory was first popularized by the work of Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay, who studied urban sociology and crime in Chicago.

Question 15

A socially disorganized area is one in which the ______ have broken down and can no longer carry out their expected or stated functions.

Accepted Answer

Social disorganization theory suggests that crime occurs in communities with weak social institutions, particularly those responsible for social control, such as family, schools, and law enforcement.

Question 16

The anger, frustration, and adverse emotions that emerge in the wake of negative and destructive social relationships are known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The anger, frustration, and adverse emotions that...

Question 17

Poverty during early childhood may have a more severe impact on behavior than poverty during adolescence or adulthood. What percent of American children live in poverty?

Accepted Answer

According to data from the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately 15% of American children live in poverty.

Question 18

According to Cohen's middle-class measuring rod, most youths gain status at _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Cohen's middle-class measuring rod, most...

Question 19

Neighborhood residents who are respected members of the community in Elijah Andersons' study were called:

Accepted Answer

In Elijah Anderson's study, respected members of the community were referred to as "old heads."

Question 20

_________ are the unique value system that dominates life among the lower classes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ are the unique value system that...

Quiz 6: Social Structure Theories