Question 1

What did John Winthrop mean when he spoke of his "city upon a hill"? To what extent were the Puritans successful in building that city? How and why did the market economy threaten and ultimately transform their city?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Why was the siege of Santa Fe significant?

Accepted Answer

The siege of Santa Fe led to subsequent Indian attacks and the expulsion of the Spanish from New Mexico for over a decade. It marked a significant turning point in the conflict between the Spanish and the Pueblo Indians, as they were able to successfully unify and drive out the Spanish. The Spanish were not able to retake Santa Fe until 1692.

Question 3

Why was France able to hold onto its vast North American domain against Spanish and English expansion?

Accepted Answer

France was able to maintain its North American domain because of their friendly relationship with the Native Americans. The French focused on establishing trade networks with the indigenous people, while the English and Spanish often tried to dominate and settle on Native American lands. This allowed the French to maintain a foothold in the region and establish stable communities. Additionally, the French did not place as much emphasis on territorial expansion as the other European powers, which also helped them hold onto their North American domain.

Question 4

Why did colonial New Englanders abandon John Winthrop's vision of a" city upon a hill"?

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Question 5

How did the French and Spanish colonies in mainland North America differ from those of England?

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Question 6

Discuss the role of religion in shaping New England society. What was the importance - and the fundamental weakness - of the "conversion experience"? Why did New England's religious institutions become far more democratic than those in Great Britain?

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Question 7

Explain how Chesapeake politics and society were shaped by the following factors: royal indifference, the need for additional taxes, demographic patterns, economic successes and failures, and labor problems.

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Question 8

Compare the "Restoration" colonies: Carolina, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Why were they founded, who settled there, and what were the economic and political successes and failures in each colony?

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Question 9

What was the main purpose of France's North American empire?

Accepted Answer

France's North American empire was primarily established to provide furs and agricultural surpluses for the West Indies and timber for the French navy. This was a profitable trade that sustained the French economy and helped the country's naval power, which in turn helped maintain its status as a major European power. Conversion of native Americans, blocking Dutch monopoly of sugar trade or providing a safe haven for French Protestants were not the primary objectives of the French presence in North America. While the French did engage in conflicts with the British for control of territories, it was primarily for their economic value to France.

Question 10

During the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, how did Native Americans fare in Spain's American territories?

Accepted Answer

During this time period, Native American populations experienced significant declines due to diseases brought by European settlers.

Question 11

Describe Bacon's Rebellion. Why did the rebellion occur, and who were the key leaders for and against the rebels? How did the rebellion come to an end? How did it influence Virginia's land and labor systems?

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Question 12

What factors facilitated the extension of slavery from the English Caribbean to Carolina?

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Question 13

Why did Chesapeake planters shift from using indentured servants as laborers to black slaves?

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Question 14

What were the economic foundations of the British West Indies? How did the planters on the islands maintain a labor supply? How did the "sugar revolution" transform the British Caribbean colonies into "a starkly unequal world of haves and have-nots"?

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Question 15

In what ways did the middle colonies differ from other English colonial regions?

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Question 16

Describe the role of women and the family in Puritan society. What position did women have in the Puritan family and in New England society generally? To what extent was the lot of New England women better than it had been in England, and to what extent was it much the same?

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Question 17

Discuss the changes in the labor system in Virginia between 1625 and 1700. What types of labor were used? What were the characteristics of the different labor systems? Why did some systems prove more successful than others? Explain.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

How did the Spanish regain control of New Mexico after the Pueblo Revolt?

Accepted Answer

Spanish governor Diego de Vargas led a campaign that exploited divisions among the Pueblos and used violence to suppress resistance. By 1700, the Spanish had regained control of New Mexico.

Question 19

Compare and contrast the role of religion in Virginia and Maryland before 1700. What role did religion play in each colony? Why? What difficulties would colonists have had in practicing their religion?

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Question 20

Explore the efforts of France and Spain to create empires in North America. What were their objectives in establishing settlements in North America? What difficulties did they encounter? Overall, how successful were they?

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Quiz 3: The Emergence of Colonial Societies