Question 1

Carl Rogers contends that a child's self-concept develops as she receives ____ from parents and teachers, has a congruent experience, and feels good about what she is doing. ​

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, a child's self-concept develops through positive regard from parents and teachers, congruence between their experiences and self-perception, and a sense of self-worth. Positive regard refers to the acceptance, approval, and love a child feels from significant others, which is essential for a positive self-concept. Therefore, option D, positive regard, is the correct answer.

Question 2

Carl Rogers suggests that personality is the expression of ____ as it unfolds in each person's unique perceived reality.

Accepted Answer

Carl Rogers believed that personality is the expression of the actualizing tendency, which is a natural drive within each person to fulfill their unique potential and become the best version of themselves. This drive is influenced by the individual's unique perceived reality, which is shaped by their experiences and interactions with the world around them. The other options (locus of control, growth orientation, and conditions of worth) are important concepts in psychology but are not directly related to Rogers' theory of personality.

Question 3

During a train ride, a mysterious personality theorist approaches you and says, "According to my theory, people choose to be in situations that are in line with their personal dispositions." As an astute detective, you quickly realize this statement is part of ____.

Accepted Answer

The statement is in line with Mischel's cognitive-affective theory which suggests that people choose situations based on how they interpret and evaluate them according to their personal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This theory emphasizes the importance of cognition, or thinking processes, in understanding personality.

Question 4

Matilde is driven by her perceived need to acquire material things and therefore does not focus on her current experiences and abilities. Maslow's growth theory of personality would suggest that she is controlled by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Maslow's deficiency orientation refers to individuals who are primarily motivated by their perceived deficiencies, such as material possessions, and are focused on their needs rather than their current experiences and abilities. Matilde's behavior suggests that she is primarily driven by her perceived lack of material things, which aligns with a deficiency orientation.

Question 5

Which individual is most likely to be self-actualized, according to Carl Rogers's self theory of personality? ​

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, individuals who are self-actualized have a fully functioning self which means they experience everything fully and in the present moment. Therefore, Dori, who experiences the self fully, is most likely to be self-actualized.

Question 6

Josh loves to sing country songs in the shower, his car, and the psychology building. However, when Josh attends a funeral, he is quiet and somber just like everyone else. According to Mischel's cognitive-affective theory of personality, Josh behaves differently in different places due to ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Mischel's cognitive-affective theory of personality emphasizes the importance of cognitive person variables, such as beliefs, values, and expectancies, in shaping individuals' behavior in different situations. Therefore, Josh's different behaviors in different places are attributed to his cognitive person variables.

Question 7

Meghan completes her chores on time and minds her manners because she likes to be helpful. Whenever her parents thank her for what she does, Meghan feels good about herself. Her parents' praises have become part of her ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Self-concept refers to the beliefs and attitudes one holds about oneself. Meghan's positive self-concept is reinforced by her parents' praises and recognition of her helpfulness and good manners. Deficiency orientation refers to a mindset that focuses on what one lacks or needs, which is not applicable in this scenario. Secondary traits refer to relatively less pervasive or consistent aspects of personality, which is not relevant to Meghan's situation. Conditions of worth refer to the conditions or standards that one needs to meet in order to receive acceptance, love, or approval from others, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Question 8

While in high school, Melissa constantly wished she could be in college so that she would be able to spend more time with her boyfriend. While in college, Melissa constantly wished she could be out of college so she could get married. Now that Melissa is married, she constantly wishes for children so she can spend more time with her husband. Melissa is displaying ____.

Accepted Answer

Melissa's constant wishing for something else and feeling like she is lacking something in her current situation suggests a deficiency orientation. She does not seem to be focused on growth or self-improvement, or have a strong sense of self-efficacy. The concept of conditions of worth, which refers to the idea that people may only value themselves if they meet certain external standards, does not seem relevant to this situation.

Question 9

Each individual's unique way of perceiving and interpreting the world is called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology refers to an individual's unique subjective experience of the world, including how they perceive and interpret it. Reciprocal determinism refers to the interaction between a person's behavior, environment, and personal factors. Personal dispositions are enduring characteristics that influence a person's behavior. Self-actualization is the process of reaching one's full potential and becoming the best version of oneself.

Question 10

Whenever Kendra's three-year-old son, Paul, spits his food onto the floor, she takes the time to tell him that she loves him, but she does not like it when he spits his food on the floor. Kendra wants to avoid creating ____ for Paul. ​

Accepted Answer

Kendra wants to avoid creating conditions of worth for Paul, which are when a person's worth is tied to whether they meet certain expectations. By telling Paul that she loves him even when he misbehaves, she is communicating that his worth as a person is not contingent on his behavior.

Question 11

Uncle Barry made a visit to the Keatons. Alex thought Uncle Barry was a bleeding-heart, liberal moron. Mallory thought he was cute and wore sweaters well. A humanistic theorist would account for this discrepancy by examining ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A humanistic theorist would focus on the unique perceptions and subjective experiences of each individual in the situation, which is addressed in choice D. Theorists in this perspective would examine how Alex's and Mallory's subjective experiences and beliefs shaped their perceptions of Uncle Barry, rather than relying on gender stereotypes (choice A) or personality traits (choice B). They would also be less concerned with rewards or consequences (choice C) and more interested in understanding the subjective experiences of each person involved.

Question 12

Mischel's cognitive person variables suggest that all of the following will affect whether a person will make it through college except ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Mischel's cognitive person variables focus on individual beliefs, expectations, and plans that can impact behavior and success. Genetically inherited personality traits are not within an individual's cognitive control and, therefore, are not included in this theory as a factor that can influence success in college.

Question 13

Which approach has been heralded as an application of the social-cognitive approach to personality? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which approach has been heralded as an...

Question 14

Humanistic theories of personality have helped fuel research into character strengths, happiness, and thriving. In other words, the humanistic approach has aided in the growth of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Humanistic theories emphasize the importance of personal growth, self-actualization, and positive aspects of human experience. This approach aligns with the goals of positive psychology, which aims to study and promote mental health, well-being, and flourishing. Therefore, humanistic theories have contributed to the development of positive psychology and related research areas.

Question 15

Janice is explaining that her friend cannot understand how she feels. She says, "We all have our own unique perspectives on the world-none of us sees the world in the same way." In making this statement, Janice is adopting a(n)____ approach to personality.

Accepted Answer

Janice's statement implies a belief in the individuality and uniqueness of each person's perspective, indicating an emphasis on humanistic psychology.

Question 16

Lena is playing in the sandbox with the boys. Her teacher walks up and scolds her. "Shouldn't you be playing house with the other girls?" Later, when the boys ask her to play with her, Lena says, "That stuff is for boys. I don't like it," even though she really wants to play in the sandbox. According to Carl Rogers, Lena is experiencing ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Lena is experiencing incongruence, as she is expressing a different belief or desire than what she truly feels. This may be a result of internalizing societal gender norms and feeling pressure to conform to what is considered appropriate for her gender.

Question 17

Mrs. Saylor, a fifth-grade teacher, shows approval for her students, both in praising their successes and helping them to not be discouraged with failures. In this way, Mrs. Saylor is displaying ____ toward her students. ​

Accepted Answer

Positive regard is the overall acceptance and love shown to an individual, regardless of their successes or failures. Mrs. Saylor is displaying this towards her students by praising their successes and supporting them through failures.

Question 18

During a test in class, all the first-graders sit quietly and work on their tests, and their personal dispositions do not differentiate one child from another. However, at recess, those children who are extraverts tend to play games with others, while those children who are introverts may watch the others or play quietly by themselves. According to Mischel's theory of personality, personal dispositions are more important ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Mischel's theory of personality suggests that personal dispositions (such as being introverted or extraverted) play a more significant role in situations where a variety of behaviors are acceptable. This is because in such open-ended situations, individuals have the freedom to act in ways that are more closely aligned with their personal dispositions. The example of children's behavior during recess versus during a test illustrates this point: during the test, the situation restricts behavior to quiet work, minimizing the expression of personal dispositions. In contrast, recess provides a situation with many acceptable behaviors, allowing personal dispositions to influence whether children play with others or by themselves.

Question 19

Pedro tells his father that he wants to quit school and try his hand at acting. His father responds that he will be very disappointed in Pedro if he does not reconsider his decision. Pedro's father has just created ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Pedro's father is placing conditions on his love and approval, making them contingent on Pedro not quitting school and pursuing acting. This is an example of conditions of worth, which refers to the requirements someone feels they need to meet in order to receive love and approval from others.

Question 20

Dr. Bialeschki believes that each person has an innate tendency toward growth and self-fulfillment. He believes that dysfunctions in personality result from dysfunctions in the perception of reality. Dr. Bialeschki takes a ____ approach to personality. ​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Bialeschki's belief in innate growth and self-fulfillment aligns with the core principles of humanistic psychology, which emphasizes individual's subjective experience and potential for personal growth.

Quiz 13: Personality

Carl Rogers contends that a child's self-concept develops as she receives ____ from parents and teachers, has a congruent experience, and feels good about what she is doing.

Carl Rogers suggests that personality is the expression of ____ as it unfolds in each person's unique perceived reality.

During a train ride, a mysterious personality theorist approaches you and says, "According to my theory, people choose to be in situations that are in line with their personal dispositions." As an astute detective, you quickly realize this statement is part of ____.

Matilde is driven by her perceived need to acquire material things and therefore does not focus on her current experiences and abilities. Maslow's growth theory of personality would suggest that she is controlled by ____.

Which individual is most likely to be self-actualized, according to Carl Rogers's self theory of personality?

Josh loves to sing country songs in the shower, his car, and the psychology building. However, when Josh attends a funeral, he is quiet and somber just like everyone else. According to Mischel's cognitive-affective theory of personality, Josh behaves differently in different places due to ____.

Meghan completes her chores on time and minds her manners because she likes to be helpful. Whenever her parents thank her for what she does, Meghan feels good about herself. Her parents' praises have become part of her ____.

Each individual's unique way of perceiving and interpreting the world is called ____.

Whenever Kendra's three-year-old son, Paul, spits his food onto the floor, she takes the time to tell him that she loves him, but she does not like it when he spits his food on the floor. Kendra wants to avoid creating ____ for Paul.

Uncle Barry made a visit to the Keatons. Alex thought Uncle Barry was a bleeding-heart, liberal moron. Mallory thought he was cute and wore sweaters well. A humanistic theorist would account for this discrepancy by examining ____.

Mischel's cognitive person variables suggest that all of the following will affect whether a person will make it through college except ____.

Which approach has been heralded as an application of the social-cognitive approach to personality?

Humanistic theories of personality have helped fuel research into character strengths, happiness, and thriving. In other words, the humanistic approach has aided in the growth of ____.

Janice is explaining that her friend cannot understand how she feels. She says, "We all have our own unique perspectives on the world-none of us sees the world in the same way." In making this statement, Janice is adopting a(n) ____ approach to personality.

Mrs. Saylor, a fifth-grade teacher, shows approval for her students, both in praising their successes and helping them to not be discouraged with failures. In this way, Mrs. Saylor is displaying ____ toward her students.

Pedro tells his father that he wants to quit school and try his hand at acting. His father responds that he will be very disappointed in Pedro if he does not reconsider his decision. Pedro's father has just created ____.

Dr. Bialeschki believes that each person has an innate tendency toward growth and self-fulfillment. He believes that dysfunctions in personality result from dysfunctions in the perception of reality. Dr. Bialeschki takes a ____ approach to personality.

Quiz 13: Personality

Carl Rogers contends that a child's self-concept develops as she receives ____ from parents and teachers, has a congruent experience, and feels good about what she is doing. ​

Carl Rogers suggests that personality is the expression of ____ as it unfolds in each person's unique perceived reality.

During a train ride, a mysterious personality theorist approaches you and says, "According to my theory, people choose to be in situations that are in line with their personal dispositions." As an astute detective, you quickly realize this statement is part of ____.

Matilde is driven by her perceived need to acquire material things and therefore does not focus on her current experiences and abilities. Maslow's growth theory of personality would suggest that she is controlled by ____. ​

Which individual is most likely to be self-actualized, according to Carl Rogers's self theory of personality? ​

Josh loves to sing country songs in the shower, his car, and the psychology building. However, when Josh attends a funeral, he is quiet and somber just like everyone else. According to Mischel's cognitive-affective theory of personality, Josh behaves differently in different places due to ____. ​

Meghan completes her chores on time and minds her manners because she likes to be helpful. Whenever her parents thank her for what she does, Meghan feels good about herself. Her parents' praises have become part of her ____. ​

Each individual's unique way of perceiving and interpreting the world is called ____. ​

Whenever Kendra's three-year-old son, Paul, spits his food onto the floor, she takes the time to tell him that she loves him, but she does not like it when he spits his food on the floor. Kendra wants to avoid creating ____ for Paul. ​

Uncle Barry made a visit to the Keatons. Alex thought Uncle Barry was a bleeding-heart, liberal moron. Mallory thought he was cute and wore sweaters well. A humanistic theorist would account for this discrepancy by examining ____. ​

Mischel's cognitive person variables suggest that all of the following will affect whether a person will make it through college except ____. ​

Which approach has been heralded as an application of the social-cognitive approach to personality? ​

Humanistic theories of personality have helped fuel research into character strengths, happiness, and thriving. In other words, the humanistic approach has aided in the growth of ____. ​

Janice is explaining that her friend cannot understand how she feels. She says, "We all have our own unique perspectives on the world-none of us sees the world in the same way." In making this statement, Janice is adopting a(n) ____ approach to personality.

Mrs. Saylor, a fifth-grade teacher, shows approval for her students, both in praising their successes and helping them to not be discouraged with failures. In this way, Mrs. Saylor is displaying ____ toward her students. ​

Pedro tells his father that he wants to quit school and try his hand at acting. His father responds that he will be very disappointed in Pedro if he does not reconsider his decision. Pedro's father has just created ____. ​

Dr. Bialeschki believes that each person has an innate tendency toward growth and self-fulfillment. He believes that dysfunctions in personality result from dysfunctions in the perception of reality. Dr. Bialeschki takes a ____ approach to personality. ​

Carl Rogers contends that a child's self-concept develops as she receives ____ from parents and teachers, has a congruent experience, and feels good about what she is doing.

Matilde is driven by her perceived need to acquire material things and therefore does not focus on her current experiences and abilities. Maslow's growth theory of personality would suggest that she is controlled by ____.

Which individual is most likely to be self-actualized, according to Carl Rogers's self theory of personality?

Josh loves to sing country songs in the shower, his car, and the psychology building. However, when Josh attends a funeral, he is quiet and somber just like everyone else. According to Mischel's cognitive-affective theory of personality, Josh behaves differently in different places due to ____.

Meghan completes her chores on time and minds her manners because she likes to be helpful. Whenever her parents thank her for what she does, Meghan feels good about herself. Her parents' praises have become part of her ____.

Each individual's unique way of perceiving and interpreting the world is called ____.

Whenever Kendra's three-year-old son, Paul, spits his food onto the floor, she takes the time to tell him that she loves him, but she does not like it when he spits his food on the floor. Kendra wants to avoid creating ____ for Paul.

Uncle Barry made a visit to the Keatons. Alex thought Uncle Barry was a bleeding-heart, liberal moron. Mallory thought he was cute and wore sweaters well. A humanistic theorist would account for this discrepancy by examining ____.

Mischel's cognitive person variables suggest that all of the following will affect whether a person will make it through college except ____.

Which approach has been heralded as an application of the social-cognitive approach to personality?

Humanistic theories of personality have helped fuel research into character strengths, happiness, and thriving. In other words, the humanistic approach has aided in the growth of ____.

Mrs. Saylor, a fifth-grade teacher, shows approval for her students, both in praising their successes and helping them to not be discouraged with failures. In this way, Mrs. Saylor is displaying ____ toward her students.

Pedro tells his father that he wants to quit school and try his hand at acting. His father responds that he will be very disappointed in Pedro if he does not reconsider his decision. Pedro's father has just created ____.

Dr. Bialeschki believes that each person has an innate tendency toward growth and self-fulfillment. He believes that dysfunctions in personality result from dysfunctions in the perception of reality. Dr. Bialeschki takes a ____ approach to personality.