Question 1

Kayla is seeing a new client who has an extremely different set of beliefs than her own. When working with this client, Kayla feels she should be nonjudgmental and trusting, but she is having difficulty acting this way toward this particular client. In this situation, Kayla is therapeutically lacking ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kayla is seeing a new client who...

Question 2

Dr. D. Mento tells Marilyn that the source of her problems lies in a blocking of her growth potential. He says he can help her become aware of those blockages if she will take responsibility for her own actions. Mento most likely adheres to which approach to treatment?

Accepted Answer

Dr. D. Mento's approach to treatment focuses on helping Marilyn become aware of her own blockages and taking responsibility for her own actions, which aligns with the humanistic approach that emphasizes personal growth and self-awareness.

Question 3

Mario tells his therapist, "I am so confused about what area I want to major in." His therapist says, "So, you seem to be having trouble deciding what to study." Mario's therapist has used which technique?

Accepted Answer

The therapist is practicing active listening by reflecting back and summarizing what Mario has communicated to show that he has heard and understood him.

Question 4

Therapist: "I trust your judgment regarding continuation of your treatment. I want to help you become aware of your feelings and actions, but I know you can help yourself. I accept and support your decision." Which psychotherapist is most likely to say this?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach emphasizes the client's autonomy and self-direction, and encourages them to take responsibility for their own thoughts and actions. The statement made by the therapist in this scenario reflects these beliefs by acknowledging the client's ability to make their own decisions and take ownership of their treatment.

Question 5

Part of client-centered therapy consists of the therapist treating the client as a valued person, regardless of what the client says or does. Approval is not necessary, but acceptance without judgment is. Which of the following therapist attitudes does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Unconditional positive regard is the attitude of the therapist treating the client as a valued person without judgment or the need for approval. Empathy refers to the therapist's ability to understand and feel the client's emotions. Genuineness refers to the therapist's authenticity and honesty in the therapeutic relationship. Congruence refers to the therapist's consistency in their thoughts, emotions, and behavior. While these attitudes are all important in client-centered therapy, only unconditional positive regard matches the description given in the question.

Question 6

Anna is a neo-Freudian. She believes that personality, as well as the conflicts among the id, ego, and superego, derive from the need for supportive human relationships. She believes that the therapy situation should focus on things that have emotional significance for the client. Anna believes in ____.

Accepted Answer

Anna's emphasis on the importance of human relationships and emotional significance aligns closely with the principles of object relations therapy. This approach focuses on how early experiences with caregivers shape an individual's internalized "objects" (representations of important people in their lives) and subsequent relationships. Object relations therapists aim to help clients uncover and work through deep-seated conflicts and patterns in their relationships.

Question 7

Dr. Schwartz is a humanistic psychologist. As such, but he is least likely to believe that his ____.

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists focus on individual's subjective experiences, personal growth, and self-understanding. They do not typically emphasize the role of instincts or drives as motivators of behavior, which is more aligned with psychodynamic theories. Therefore, Dr. Schwartz is least likely to believe that his clients' behavior is motivated by sexual or aggressive drives.

Question 8

Theo believes that he is the mythological Norse god, Thor. He enters the client-centered therapist's office, waves a hammer in a threatening manner, and proclaims, "I am the god of thunder! He who does not bow before me will perish!" The client-centered therapist would most likely respond with which statement?

Accepted Answer

The client-centered therapist would acknowledge Theo's beliefs and validate his feelings by stating, "You believe that you are quite powerful." This statement shows empathy and provides an opportunity for Theo to further explore his beliefs without feeling judged or dismissed. It also aligns with the client-centered approach of focusing on the client's experience and helping them feel heard and understood.

Question 9

Vaughn is a client-centered therapist who is seeing his first client. If he wants to convey congruence, Vaughn will need to ____.

Accepted Answer

Conveying congruence means being genuine in interactions with the client. Creating conditions of worth (A) would actually hinder congruence, as it involves placing value judgments on the client's experiences. Paraphrasing (B) is a technique used in client-centered therapy, but it alone does not convey congruence. Asking the client to engage in imaginary dialogue (D) is not a part of client-centered therapy and would not convey congruence.

Question 10

In the course of therapy, Dr. Smith takes great care to let her clients feel that they are good people no matter what they say or do. Dr. Smith is demonstrating ____.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Smith is demonstrating unconditional positive regard, which means that she is accepting and supportive of her clients regardless of their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. This is an important aspect of client-centered therapy, which aims to create a non-judgmental and accepting environment for clients to explore their issues.

Question 11

Raphael is a humanistic psychologist who emphasizes client-centered therapeutic approaches in the tradition of Carl Rogers. His client, Corion, is coming to the first session of therapy. Raphael will try to ____.

Accepted Answer

Raphael's client-centered approach emphasizes creating a therapeutic relationship based on empathy and understanding toward the client. This involves establishing an internal frame of reference characterized by empathy toward Corion. Raphael would not develop a checklist of goals for Corion or focus solely on the here and now, and he would not aim to detect and correct negative cognitive patterns, as these techniques are not in line with a client-centered approach.

Question 12

Horace's therapist says, "Okay, Horace. In your dream, you saw a wall between you and your children. Talk to that wall, tell that wall how you feel about it." Horace is most likely seeing a ____ therapist.

Accepted Answer

Horace's therapist is most likely a Gestalt therapist because the therapist is instructing Horace to directly confront and engage with a specific element of his dream (the wall) rather than interpreting the dream symbolically or analyzing it from a psychodynamic perspective. Gestalt therapy focuses on increasing self-awareness through direct experiential methods, such as role-playing, dream work, and other techniques that promote awareness and integration of the self.

Question 13

Psychoanalysis is still used today but often in more flexible, adaptive ways. Which alternative is not a variation on psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy, individual analysis, and object relations therapy are variations on psychoanalysis, whereas client-centered therapy is a form of humanistic therapy that does not involve traditional psychoanalytic techniques like free association or interpretation.

Question 14

Dr. Geiser treats her clients as equals. She feels that this is the first step toward helping the client improve. She claims that by making the client feel accepted and encouraged, the foundation has been laid for the client to improve. Dr. Geiser is most likely a ____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Geiser's approach to treating clients as equals and making them feel accepted and encouraged aligns with the humanistic perspective which emphasizes the importance of self-actualization and personal growth. Behavioral psychology focuses on observable behavior and its relationship to the environment, psychodynamic psychology emphasizes unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences, and dispositional psychology focuses on personality traits and individual differences.

Question 15

More recent forms of psychoanalysis are categorized as ____. These forms of therapy tend to be less intense than classic psychoanalysis and more appropriate for a broader range of clients.

Accepted Answer

Short-term psychodynamic therapy is a more recent form of psychoanalysis that typically lasts between 12-20 sessions and focuses on specific problems or issues. It is less intense than traditional psychoanalysis and can be more appropriate for a wider range of clients. Ego analysis is an early form of psychoanalysis, Gestalt therapy is a different approach to therapy that emphasizes awareness and personal responsibility, and mindfulness-based therapy is a form of therapy that uses mindfulness techniques to promote psychological wellbeing.

Question 16

At the Nova Clinic, a group of therapists specialize in modern forms of psychoanalysis that focus on helping clients overcome problematic effects that occur after childhood, such as conflicts with a spouse or job loss. Therefore, these therapists are practitioners of ____ therapy.

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal therapy focuses on the relationships and interactions between a person and their environment, including their personal and professional relationships. This therapy is often used to address issues that arise due to life events, such as job loss or conflicts with a spouse, making it the best choice given the description of the therapists at the Nova Clinic in the question.

Question 17

If a client is extremely quiet during a session of client-centered therapy, the therapist would most likely make which statement?

Accepted Answer

In client-centered therapy, the focus is on the client and their pace of therapy. Making assumptions or pushing the client to talk about specific topics may cause them to withdraw further. Option C allows the therapist to provide a gentle reminder that the client is in control of the session and can speak whenever they feel ready to do so.

Question 18

Iris's therapist points out that she is nervously laughing while telling the story of her friend's recent death. He has her engage in a dialogue with her laughter. Iris's therapist is most likely a ____ therapist.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's emphasis on engaging in a dialogue with the laughter suggests the use of Gestalt therapy techniques, which often involve exploring and working with a patient's present experiences and behaviors. The other options listed do not seem to fit with the therapist's approach in this scenario.

Question 19

During therapy, Serena's client was talking of how depressed she was when her mother died. Serena made eye contact with her client, nodded her head in an affirming way, and said, "It sounds like this was a real trying time for you. I can tell that you must have been very sad and upset by this event." What technique is Serena using?

Accepted Answer

Serena is using empathy, which involves understanding and sharing in the emotional experience of the client. By making eye contact, nodding, and affirming the client's feelings, Serena is demonstrating that she understands and cares about the client's emotional state. This can help the client feel heard, validated, and supported.

Question 20

Imagine this conversation between a therapist and her client. Client: "I have so much pressure! Work, school, family, dating ... I wonder how I can get it all done!"
Therapist: "You seem to have a lot of demands on your time."
The therapist's comment demonstrates ____.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's comment demonstrates active listening, as she is reflecting back to the client what she is hearing and acknowledging the demands on their time. Transference, unconditional positive regard, and congruence do not apply to this particular interaction.

Quiz 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders