Question 1

Dr. Mueller is interested in studying eating disorders. Her hypothesis is that abnormal eating behavior is learned through previous successes and failures with restrictive diet programs. She most likely follows which school of psychological thought?​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Mueller's hypothesis suggests that abnormal eating behavior is learned through experiences with diet programs, indicating a focus on behavior and learning. This aligns with the tenets of the behavioral school of psychological thought. The other options (psychodynamic, developmental, biological) do not directly focus on behavior or learning in relation to eating disorders.

Question 2

Brad is having difficulty finding time to study. He goes to a counselor and they talk about Brad's perceptions of his study habits. The counselor emphasizes that it is Brad's decision about whether and when to study. She stresses that Brad is a resourceful person and will be able to solve his study problem. Brad's counselor isemphasizing the ____ approach to psychotherapy.​

Accepted Answer

The counselor's emphasis on Brad's decision and resourcefulness reflects the humanistic approach, which focuses on personal choice, growth, and self-actualization. This approach emphasizes the individual's potential to solve problems and make choices that lead to personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 3

A guest at a party says that the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches to psychology are quite similar. You disagree and say the behavioral approach stresses ____ while the psychodynamic model emphasizes ____.​

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach emphasizes observable, overt (or external) behavior, and environmental stimuli and consequences, while the psychodynamic model focuses on the unconscious conflicts, early childhood experiences, and internal psychological processes such as emotions, thoughts, and motives. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it accurately captures the main differences between the two approaches.

Question 4

According to the humanistic approach to psychology, a person's behavior is determined by ____.​

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach to psychology emphasizes the subjective and unique experiences and perceptions of individuals as the key determinant of their behavior. It focuses on self-awareness, personal growth, and the realization of human potential. Instincts or biological urges (A) and rewards and punishments (B) are more aligned with the behavioral approach, while how information is processed by the brain (D) is the focus of the cognitive approach.

Question 5

A psychologist whose primary research interest is in studying the relationship between mental information processing and overt behavior would most likely be associated with which approach to psychology?​

Accepted Answer

A psychologist studying the relationship between mental information processing and overt behavior is most likely associated with the cognitive approach to psychology, which examines mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving. The cognitive approach emphasizes the role of internal mental processes in mediating behavior, and seeks to understand how information is processed, organized, and used by the mind to produce behavior.

Question 6

A psychologist following the ____ approach is most likely to believe that an unconscious struggle concerning repressed sexual urges is affecting his or her patient's mental processes.​

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach, popularized by Sigmund Freud, emphasizes the unconscious mind and believes that repressed sexual and aggressive urges from childhood affect individuals' mental processes and behaviors in adulthood.

Question 7

Sue wants to quit smoking, but she cannot seem to kick the addiction. A psychologist who takes a____ approach might tell Sue that she keeps smoking because her brain is chemically dependent on the drug.​

Accepted Answer

A psychologist who takes a biological approach would attribute Sue's difficulty in quitting smoking to the chemical changes that occur in her brain due to nicotine dependence. This approach focuses on the physical and biological aspects of behavior, rather than psychological or emotional factors.

Question 8

Mark is trying to teach his dog to sit at his command. To do this, he rewards the dog with a biscuit only if the dog obeys when Mark says "Sit!" Mark is following the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Mark's use of rewards to reinforce a specific behavior (sitting) is a core principle of the behavioral approach in psychology.

Question 9

Rashma teaches a Parent Training Workshop, and she advocates that parents get to know the uniqueness of their children. She stresses that we can't see children's points of view because we don't know how they perceive the world and that children are innately good and working toward self-fulfillment. Rashma most likely identifies with the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Rashma's emphasis on understanding the individuality and positive qualities of children aligns with the humanistic approach to psychology, which emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the inherent goodness of individuals. The other options (behavioral, cognitive, psychoanalytic) do not necessarily focus on these aspects.

Question 10

Clyde is conducting a study on drug abuse. "People abuse drugs to deal with internal conflicts between their own instincts on how to behave versus the social rules of behavior," Clyde says. Most likely, Clyde follows the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Clyde is discussing internal conflicts between instincts and social rules of behavior, which is a key concept in psychodynamic theory. This approach emphasizes the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences, and the influence of internal conflicts on behavior.

Question 11

Jacqueline is having difficulties with relationships. Her psychotherapist tells her that the goal of her therapy sessions will be to try to uncover unconscious conflicts she has about her relationships. Jacqueline's therapist most likely takes the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

The statement about uncovering unconscious conflicts suggests that Jacqueline's therapist is using a psychodynamic approach, which focuses on the influence of unconscious conflicts on behavior.

Question 12

Tom reads an article in the newspaper reporting new research on the link between genes and hostility. He realizes that the researchers were most likely to have adopted the ____ approach in their research.​

Accepted Answer

Since the research focuses on the link between genes and hostility, it is most likely using a biological approach that emphasizes the role of genetics and biological factors in human behavior.

Question 13

When Sam meets with his psychologist, she explains that Sam has the ability to reach his full potential by understanding how his perceptions guide his actions. Which approach is Sam's psychologist taking?​

Accepted Answer

The psychologist is taking a humanistic approach, which emphasizes personal growth and the concept of self-actualization, focusing on how individuals perceive and interpret their experiences to reach their full potential.

Question 14

Dr. Dare works with children who are truant from school. When students attend class, she gives them tokens to be redeemed for candy at the end of the day. Dr. Dare is using the ____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Dare is using a system of rewards (tokens) to reinforce desired behavior (attending class), which is consistent with the behavioral approach. The psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious thoughts and emotions, the cognitive approach emphasizes understanding thought processes, and the humanistic approach emphasizes individual growth and potential.

Question 15

When looking at his newborn son, Justin says to his wife, Natalie, "Just think. He is a totally blank slate. We can shape him with strict discipline and rewards." Natalie says, "No, he was born innately good. All we need to do is to help him fulfill his growth potential." Justin has a(n)____ approach, while Natalie has a(n)____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

Justin's belief in strict discipline and rewards reflects a behaviorist approach, while Natalie's belief in helping the child fulfill his potential reflects a humanistic approach. The other answer choices do not accurately match the beliefs expressed by Justin and Natalie.

Question 16

Jami says to her therapist, Len, "I really want to understand myself better. That is why I am in therapy." Len replies, "Then we will have to start digging in your past and understanding all of the unconscious motives that cause you to be who you are." Len probably takes a(n)____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Len's use of the term "unconscious motives" suggests a psychodynamic approach, which focuses on unconscious mental processes and unresolved conflicts from early childhood as drivers of behavior.

Question 17

Carla is a psychologist who studies the mental processes of people as they are presented information about new policies for environmental conservation. She studies how the new information is taken in, how it is processed, and how it changes people's perceptions of conservation methods. Carla most likely takes the ____ approach to psychology.​

Accepted Answer

Carla's focus on studying mental processes and perceptions suggests that she takes a cognitive approach to psychology.

Question 18

Dr. Strack believes that depression is primarily due to how people think about themselves and what people tell themselves about any given situation. Dr. Strack supports the ____ approach.​

Accepted Answer

Dr. Strack's belief that depression is primarily due to how people think about themselves and what people tell themselves about any given situation aligns with the cognitive approach in psychology.

Question 19

Which approach to psychology emphasizes decision making, problem solving, and information processing?​

Accepted Answer

The cognitive approach to psychology focuses on how people process information, make decisions, and solve problems. This approach emphasizes mental processes such as perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. It is a popular approach in modern psychology and has contributed to the development of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 20

José is interested in using computers to model how people process information when making decisions about employee performance. José follows the ____ approach in psychology.​

Accepted Answer

The use of computers to model cognitive processes aligns with the cognitive approach in psychology, which emphasizes mental processes such as attention, perception, and memory. The behavioral approach focuses on observable behaviors, the psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious processes and early childhood experiences, and the humanistic approach emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

Dr. Mueller is interested in studying eating disorders. Her hypothesis is that abnormal eating behavior is learned through previous successes and failures with restrictive diet programs. She most likely follows which school of psychological thought?

A guest at a party says that the psychodynamic and behavioral approaches to psychology are quite similar. You disagree and say the behavioral approach stresses while the psychodynamic model emphasizes .

According to the humanistic approach to psychology, a person's behavior is determined by ____.

A psychologist whose primary research interest is in studying the relationship between mental information processing and overt behavior would most likely be associated with which approach to psychology?

A psychologist following the ____ approach is most likely to believe that an unconscious struggle concerning repressed sexual urges is affecting his or her patient's mental processes.

Sue wants to quit smoking, but she cannot seem to kick the addiction. A psychologist who takes a____ approach might tell Sue that she keeps smoking because her brain is chemically dependent on the drug.

Mark is trying to teach his dog to sit at his command. To do this, he rewards the dog with a biscuit only if the dog obeys when Mark says "Sit!" Mark is following the ____ approach to psychology.

Clyde is conducting a study on drug abuse. "People abuse drugs to deal with internal conflicts between their own instincts on how to behave versus the social rules of behavior," Clyde says. Most likely, Clyde follows the ____ approach to psychology.

Jacqueline is having difficulties with relationships. Her psychotherapist tells her that the goal of her therapy sessions will be to try to uncover unconscious conflicts she has about her relationships. Jacqueline's therapist most likely takes the ____ approach to psychology.

Tom reads an article in the newspaper reporting new research on the link between genes and hostility. He realizes that the researchers were most likely to have adopted the ____ approach in their research.

When Sam meets with his psychologist, she explains that Sam has the ability to reach his full potential by understanding how his perceptions guide his actions. Which approach is Sam's psychologist taking?

Dr. Dare works with children who are truant from school. When students attend class, she gives them tokens to be redeemed for candy at the end of the day. Dr. Dare is using the ____ approach.

Dr. Strack believes that depression is primarily due to how people think about themselves and what people tell themselves about any given situation. Dr. Strack supports the ____ approach.

Which approach to psychology emphasizes decision making, problem solving, and information processing?

José is interested in using computers to model how people process information when making decisions about employee performance. José follows the ____ approach in psychology.