Question 1

Explain the difference in the concept of privacy before and after Katz v.U.S.(1967).

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Question 2

A criminal informant's credibility is never presumed but must be established.Usually,this is done by demonstrating the informant's __________ of having given accurate information in the past.

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Question 3

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of a citizen informant versus a criminal informant.

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Question 4

Write the definition of "search".Write the definition of "seizure".Explain how there could be a search without a seizure.Explain how there can be a seizure without a search.

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Question 5

Write a brief paragraph explaining the importance of note-taking by an officer as the case progresses.

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Question 6

Third party information is often referred to as ________.

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Question 7

Probable cause to search means that there is a __________ that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.

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Question 8

Explain the importance of corroborating information from informants.Also,consider the distinctions between known informants,unknown informants,criminal informants,and citizen informants.Are the distinctions in how the law handles these different types of informants justified? Why or why not?

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Question 9

A seizure of property occurs when there is some __________ with an individual's possessory interests in that property.

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Question 10

The elements of the __________ two-pronged test are important considerations in determining the existence of probable cause based on informant testimony.Nonetheless,they should be evaluated only as part of the commonsense determination under the totality of the circumstances-not as rigid rules to be applied mechanically.

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Question 11

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of an anonymous informant versus a known informant.Explore the differences in risk for liability for providing false information.

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Question 12

The Gates v.Illinois (1983)decision abandoned rigid adherence to the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria in favor of a __________ approach to determining probable cause.

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Question 13

The concept of probable cause is based,ultimately,on the notion of objective expectation of privacy,in contrast to subjective expectation of privacy.Explain the difference.

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Question 14

Define the concept of probable cause.Compare and contrast probable cause relating to search and probable cause as it relates to arrest.

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Question 15

Define the term "reasonableness" as it relates to the Fourth Amendment inquiry.Explain the standards used to assess reasonableness.

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Question 16

Name two indicators of criminal activity that alone support probable cause.Compare and contrast these two indicators of criminal activity with some other indicators that,taken alone,do not support probable cause.

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Question 17

Probable cause is evaluated by examining the __________ in the possession of the police at the time of the arrest or search,not merely the personal knowledge of the arresting or searching officer.

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Question 18

Information on which probable cause is to be based may come to a law enforcement officer's attention in two possible ways: through the __________ own perceptions or through the perceptions of an __________who relays the information.

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Question 19

Katz v.U.S.(1967)held that a person's Fourth Amendment rights are implicated wherever the person has an expectation of __________which society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

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Question 20

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment,the amendment is said to protect __________,not __________.

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Quiz 3: Basic Underlying Concepts: Privacy, Probable Cause, and Reasonableness