Question 1

Surprisingly, researchers have found that correctional officers, despite the stressful nature of their occupation, do not experience alcoholism or divorce any more frequently than the rest of American society.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that correctional officers face higher rates of stress, burnout, and related issues such as alcoholism and divorce, compared to the general population, due to the demanding and often dangerous nature of their work.

Question 2

In ethical terms, beatings of inmates who attack other correctional officers are ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ethical terms, beatings of inmates who...

Question 3

_____________ is Sykes's term for when officers become indebted to inmates and return favors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________ is Sykes's term for when officers...

Question 4

Probation and parole officers do not have to deal with the issue of gratuities.

Accepted Answer

Probation and parole officers, like other law enforcement and public service professionals, may encounter situations where they are offered gratuities, which can raise ethical concerns and conflicts of interest. They must navigate these situations carefully to maintain professionalism and integrity.

Question 5

In the case of Hudson v. McMillan , the Supreme Court found that an injury inflicted upon an inmate only rises to the level of unconstitutionality if it can be considered a "serious" injury.

Accepted Answer

In Hudson v. McMillian, the Supreme Court held that the use of excessive physical force against a prisoner may constitute cruel and unusual punishment even if the inmate does not suffer serious injury, emphasizing that the "unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain" itself violates the Constitution.

Question 6

The Prison Litigation Reform Act made it easier for inmates to file lawsuits by removing the time limits that previously were used to reject lawsuits.

Accepted Answer

The Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA) of 1996 actually made it more difficult for inmates to file lawsuits by implementing several restrictions, such as the requirement that inmates exhaust internal prison grievance procedures before filing lawsuits, and did not remove time limits to make filing lawsuits easier.

Question 7

The practice of reciprocity is supported by formal correctional ethics.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocity, which involves exchanging favors or privileges, can conflict with formal correctional ethics that emphasize impartiality and fairness.

Question 8

According to Haag, one of the ethical issues of treatment professionals in prisons is the issue of "informed consent."

Accepted Answer

Haag discusses that one of the ethical dilemmas faced by treatment professionals in prisons includes the issue of "informed consent," as inmates may not have the same level of autonomy or freedom to make fully informed decisions about their treatment compared to individuals in the outside world.

Question 9

Jail officers face unique challenges due to the transitory nature of the jail population.

Accepted Answer

Jail officers face unique challenges because the jail population is constantly changing, with individuals frequently entering and exiting the system, which can complicate security, management, and the provision of services.

Question 10

Madrid v. Gomez stemmed in part from the death of 30 prisoners of medical neglect in California correctional institutions.

Accepted Answer

The question states that Madrid v. Gomez stemmed in part from the death of 30 prisoners of medical neglect in California correctional institutions.

Question 11

According to a Bureau of Justice Statistics report in 2005, more than 67 percent of released prisoners were re- arrested within three years of being released.

Accepted Answer

The Bureau of Justice Statistics report from 2005 indeed found that over 67% of released prisoners were re-arrested within three years of release, highlighting the challenges of recidivism.

Question 12

The use of the word "guard" was replaced by "correctional officer" in the rehabilitative era.

Accepted Answer

The term "correctional officer" is used in the rehabilitative era to reflect a shift towards rehabilitation and away from merely guarding inmates, indicating a broader role in the correctional system.

Question 13

The prisoners' rights era of the 1970s gave way to the "due deference" era of today, where courts are more apt to defer to prison officials.

Accepted Answer

The prisoners' rights era of the 1970s, characterized by a more active judicial role in addressing prisoners' complaints and rights, has indeed shifted towards a "due deference" era in more recent times. In this current era, courts are generally more inclined to defer to the judgment and expertise of prison officials in matters concerning prison management and the treatment of inmates, reflecting a change in judicial attitude towards prison litigation.

Question 14

Without a strong moral and ethical code, correctional officers may find themselves drifting into _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Without a strong moral and ethical code,...

Question 15

Probation officers have the power to send noncompliant probationers to jail or prison.

Accepted Answer

Probation officers do not have the direct authority to send noncompliant probationers to jail or prison; they can only recommend such actions to the court, which makes the final decision.

Question 16

The percentage of women who have reported sexual victimization is twice as high as that of men.

Accepted Answer

Studies and surveys consistently show that the percentage of women who report experiencing sexual victimization is significantly higher than the percentage of men. This includes a wide range of unwanted sexual experiences from harassment to assault.

Question 17

During the early 1970s, there was an era called the __________________ era when many correctional programs were established and there was a belief that corrections could successfully change offenders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the early 1970s, there was an...

Question 18

Children of inmates are six times more likely to be delinquent.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children of incarcerated parents are significantly more likely to engage in delinquency and are at a higher risk of entering the criminal justice system themselves compared to their peers without incarcerated parents. This is due to a variety of factors including the stigma of parental incarceration, economic hardship, and the disruption of parental support.

Question 19

Some inmates claim the lack of human sympathy shown by their COs is worse than the physical deprivation they have endured.

Accepted Answer

Many inmates have reported that the emotional and psychological impact of perceived indifference or lack of empathy from Correctional Officers (COs) can be more distressing and harder to cope with than physical hardships or deprivations experienced while incarcerated. This highlights the importance of psychological well-being and the role of human interaction and compassion in the overall prison experience.

Question 20

In some states, consensual sex between a correctional officer and an inmate is a felony because inmates are presumed not able to give full _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some states, consensual sex between a...

Quiz 12: Discretion and Dilemmas in Corrections