Question 1

One of the innovations of Romanesque architecture is the use of vaulting. Which types of vaults were employed and what advantages did using this costly method bring?

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Question 2

Describe the role of artists and patrons during this period. Which works bear the name of the artist who created them? How are we to understand their desire to make their name known?

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Question 3

Norman architecture was innovative. What does the term Norman designate? Using examples, identify the characteristic features of Norman architecture. What elements prefigure the Gothic?

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Question 4

The most distinctive production of Hiberno-Saxon art is its manuscripts. What influences and motifs characterize the decoration of these manuscripts? What was their purpose?

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Question 5

Describe the debate that arose over the use of sculptural decoration at monasteries. Who was for it, and who was against it? How did this debate manifest itself in architecture and decoration (or lack thereof)of particular monastic orders?

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Question 6

The art of the Early Medieval period departs greatly from the classical world. What types of objects, styles, techniques, and motifs became popular in this period? How has scholarship on these objects changed in recent times, and what meaning did they bring to their original owners?

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Question 7

What motivated artists to identify themselves in inscriptions, and why is it significant?

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Question 8

The Carolingian emperor Charlemagne had a sincere admiration for classical culture and viewed himself as reviving the Roman Empire. How is this reflected in the style of certain Carolingian works and the models for Carolingian architecture?

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Question 9

Romanesque sculpture was frequently placed on the portals of churches. What subjects were commonly portrayed on church portals, and why? Citing specific examples, explain what messages were communicated to viewers.

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Question 10

Although dependent on Early Christian and Byzantine sources, Carolingian and Ottonian architects added new features. Citing specific examples, consider the innovations of the layout, interior, and facade design of Carolingian and Ottonian buildings.

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Quiz 6: Early Medieval and Romanesque Europe