Question 1

Bushman and Bonacci (2004)found that prejudiced participants were ____ likely to return a lost e-mail that had been addressed to someone with an Arab surname as compared to a European-American surname.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bushman and Bonacci (2004)found that prejudiced participants...

Question 2

Compared to others, obese people tend to be rated as ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to others, obese people tend to...

Question 3

Jennifer is a student at UCLA. When asked to describe the average UCLA student, she says it is almost impossible to do so because "there are so many different kinds of people at UCLA; the diversity is really amazing." By contrast, when asked to describe the average USC student, Jennifer says: "That's easy; they're all almost exactly the same." Social psychologists would say that Jennifer is displaying what is known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

Jennifer is displaying the outgroup homogeneity bias, which is the tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than members of one's ingroup. She sees the USC students as being more similar to each other because they are not part of her own ingroup (UCLA students).

Question 4

Prejudice against atheists seems most rooted in ____.

Accepted Answer

Prejudice against atheists is primarily rooted in distrust. Many people believe that without a belief in a higher power, atheists lack a moral compass, leading to a deep-seated distrust among those who are religious or hold spiritual beliefs.

Question 5

In the ABCs of intergroup relationships, B stands for ____.

Accepted Answer

The ABCs of intergroup relationships refer to affect (emotions), behavior (actions), and cognition (thoughts and beliefs). B stands for behavior in this framework.

Question 6

Most people assume that outgroup members are relatively similar to one another, while ingroup members are relatively different from one another. This tendency is known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

Outgroup homogeneity bias is the tendency to see members of an outgroup as similar to one another and to ignore individual differences, whereas individuals in one's own group (ingroup) are seen as having more individual variation. The other options are not related to this phenomenon.

Question 7

The view that prejudice and stereotyping are morally wrong ____.

Accepted Answer

The view that prejudice and stereotyping are morally wrong is a product of modern Western culture. It has developed over the past few centuries with the rise of ideas such as human rights, equality, and social justice. Other cultures and historical periods may have had different views on the morality of prejudice and stereotyping.

Question 8

According to the text, when do anti-fat attitudes begin?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "anti-fat attitudes can begin as early as preschool age." Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

Question 9

According to the textbook, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, prejudice and discrimination against Arabs and Muslims living in the United States has increased dramatically since the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks.

Question 10

Men tend to be rated less positively when they are seated next to an obese woman than when they are seated next to an average-weight woman. This tendency is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

The tendency described in the question is known as stigma by association. This refers to the negative stereotypes and judgments that can be applied to individuals based on their association with a stigmatized group (in this case, the obese woman). This can manifest in social interactions and can lead to discriminatory behaviors, such as rating men less positively when seated next to an obese woman.

Question 11

Francois is at a bar and asks a beautiful woman for her phone number. Suppose the woman rebuffs him and calls him a creep. Which of the following responses BEST exemplifies the outgroup homogeneity bias?

Accepted Answer

Option B exemplifies the outgroup homogeneity bias as Francois is assuming that all women are the same and have similar negative attitudes towards him.

Question 12

In the year following the ____, the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission received 706 complaints of workplace discrimination against Arab Americans, 383 more than in the year before the event.

Accepted Answer

The September 11, 2001 attacks led to increased discrimination against Arab Americans, including in the workplace. This is evidenced by the significant increase in complaints received by the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission the year after the attacks.

Question 13

According to the text, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States?

Accepted Answer

The text states that highly visible forms of prejudice (e.g., vandalism, assault) are relatively rare, but there has been an increase in relatively less visible forms of prejudice (e.g., workplace discrimination) since 9/11. Therefore, option C is the most accurate statement regarding prejudice towards Arabs and Muslims living in the United States.

Question 14

Loretta is a Native American female. Which of the following is the BEST example of someone who is an outgroup member to Loretta?

Accepted Answer

Loretta is Native American, so the best example of an outgroup member would be someone who is not Native American. Liana, an Asian-American female, fits this description.

Question 15

Research has demonstrated that eyewitnesses are more accurate at identifying people of their own racial or ethnic group than they are at identifying people of other ethnic or racial groups. However, as discussed in the textbook, one exception to this pattern is when a member of the other group appears to be ____. In that case, he or she is well-remembered and well-recognized.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research has demonstrated that eyewitnesses are more...

Question 16

The outgroup homogeneity effect appears to stem from the fact that ____.

Accepted Answer

The outgroup homogeneity effect refers to the tendency for people to perceive members of outgroups as more similar to each other than members of their ingroup. This is likely due to limited contact and experience with outgroup members.

Question 17

Research has demonstrated that eyewitnesses are more accurate at identifying people of their own racial or ethnic group than they are at identifying people of other ethnic or racial groups. This tendency is most related to the so-called ____.

Accepted Answer

The outgroup homogeneity bias refers to the tendency for people to perceive members of an outgroup as more similar to each other than members of their own ingroup. This bias can lead to difficulty in accurately distinguishing individuals from different racial or ethnic groups, as they are perceived as more alike than they actually are. This can contribute to the phenomenon of eyewitnesses being more accurate at identifying people of their own racial or ethnic group.

Question 18

People who belong to the same category as yourself are called ____.

Accepted Answer

The term "ingroup members" refers to people who belong to the same social group or category as oneself. This can include shared interests, identities, or characteristics that bring people together and create a sense of belonging. In contrast, "outgroup members" refer to people who are outside of one's immediate social group or category, and may be seen as different or unfamiliar. The terms "homogeneous" and "heterogeneous" refer to the degree of similarity or diversity within a group, and are not as directly related to the concept of ingroup/outgroup membership.

Question 19

Aversive racists simultaneously hold egalitarian ____ and negative ____ toward people of other races

Accepted Answer

Aversive racists hold egalitarian values, meaning they believe in the equality of all people, but simultaneously harbor negative feelings towards people of other races, often subconsciously.

Question 20

The so-called "outgroup homogeneity bias" refers to the tendency for people to ____.

Accepted Answer

Outgroup homogeneity bias refers to the tendency for individuals to perceive members of outgroups as relatively similar to each other, while perceiving members of the ingroup as more diverse and distinct from one another. This bias can lead to stereotyping and prejudice towards outgroups. Option B is partially correct but not precise as it includes only different outgroups, while the bias can also be towards a single outgroup. Options C and D are incorrect as they go against the definition of the bias.

Quiz 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Bushman and Bonacci (2004) found that prejudiced participants were ____ likely to return a lost e-mail that had been addressed to someone with an Arab surname as compared to a European-American surname.