Question 1

Similarity is important to membership in a human cultural group because it ____.

Accepted Answer

Similarity within a cultural group promotes a sense of belonging and strengthens the bond between members of the group. This sense of allegiance cements the individual's identity as a member of the group and encourages their participation in group activities.

Question 2

Research on social facilitation would suggest that, in general, runners would ____ when running alongside others as opposed to running alone.

Accepted Answer

According to the theory of social facilitation, people tend to perform better when in the presence of others. This is known as the "audience effect." In the case of running, being alongside others may help to push individuals to run faster as they feel motivated to keep up with the group or even compete with the others. Therefore, runners would most likely run faster when running alongside others compared to running alone.

Question 3

As described in the text, ____ was at the core of the fascist movements of the first half of the twentieth century.

Accepted Answer

Deindividuation was at the core of the fascist movements as it allowed individuals to lose their sense of self-awareness and personal identity, leading to a heightened sense of group identity and willingness to follow the leader's ideology and agenda. This is seen in the uniformity and conformity of groups such as the Nazi Party in Germany and the Fascist Party in Italy. Social facilitation, optimal distinctiveness, and social loafing were not central concepts in fascist movements.

Question 4

According to social facilitation theory, for most people, task performance for tasks such as ____ should be enhanced by the presence of others, while task performance for tasks such as ____ should be hindered by the presence of others.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory suggests that the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-learned tasks but hinders performance on complex or novel tasks. Washing dishes is a simple, well-learned task, so its performance should be enhanced by the presence of others. In contrast, solving a difficult math problem is a complex task, and the presence of others should hinder performance. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 5

Cockroaches completed simple mazes more quickly when they ran in the presence of other cockroaches (as opposed to alone), and completed complex mazes more quickly when they ran alone (as opposed to in a group). This finding illustrates that, even among cockroaches, ____.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation occurs when the presence of others enhances performance on easy or well-learned tasks (dominant responses) but can impair performance on difficult tasks. The cockroaches' faster completion of simple mazes in groups and slower completion of complex mazes in groups illustrates this phenomenon.

Question 6

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise for half an hour on rowing machines at a gym, among other people, would be more likely to ____ than people who exercise for half an hour on a rowing machine in the privacy of their home.

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's early research on social facilitation found that the presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-learned tasks, such as cycling faster when racing against others. This principle suggests that exercising in the presence of others, as in a gym, might lead to increased effort and potentially burning more calories.

Question 7

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to concern about how others are evaluating your performance.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation apprehension refers to the concern a person feels about how others are evaluating their performance. Self-monitoring, on the other hand, refers to the tendency of an individual to regulate their behavior based on the cues from their environment. Social evaluation is a broad term that refers to the process of assessing the behavior or performance of an individual based on social norms or standards. Self-referencing is the tendency of an individual to link new information with their personal experiences, attitudes, or beliefs.

Question 8

While many modern offices make use of open shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices), this office style can hinder productivity. Indeed, this office style is likely to be particularly detrimental for employees who work on ____.

Accepted Answer

Complex, novel tasks require more concentrated and uninterrupted focus, which can be difficult to achieve in open shared spaces. These types of tasks often require deep thinking and problem-solving, which can be disrupted by noise, distractions, and interruptions from coworkers. Therefore, employees who work on complex, novel tasks are likely to experience the most hindrance in productivity in this type of office environment.

Question 9

After decades of research on the effect that others have on task performance, social psychologists have concluded that the presence of others ____.

Accepted Answer

The presence of others has mixed effects because it elicits a person's dominant response, meaning if the task is simple and well-learned, performance is likely to improve in the presence of others, but if it is complex or unfamiliar, performance may suffer. The presence of others can also lead to social facilitation or inhibition, depending on the task and the individual's level of evaluation apprehension. Therefore, option A and B are too extreme and option C is not comprehensive enough.

Question 10

Many modern offices have open, public shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices). This office style works best if the employees are working on ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many modern offices have open, public shared...

Question 11

Social facilitation theory suggests that tasks like walking, brushing one's teeth, or counting will be ____ by the presence of others. It also suggests that tasks like solving a difficult  maths  problem or crossword puzzle will be ____ by the presence of others.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory posits that the presence of others enhances performance on simple or well-practiced tasks but hinders performance on complex or new tasks.

Question 12

Based on research on social facilitation, we should expect that-all else being equal-children who work on a set of easy puzzles alone will ____ than children who work on the same puzzles side by side in a big group of other children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on research on social facilitation, we...

Question 13

According to social facilitation theory, task performance is sometimes enhanced by the presence of others and sometimes hurt by the presence of others. Generally speaking, this depends upon ____.

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory states that the presence of others can enhance or hurt task performance depending on the difficulty of the task. Easy tasks are likely to be performed better in front of others (positive social facilitation) while difficult tasks are likely to be hindered in the presence of others (negative social facilitation).

Question 14

Which of the following is the most accurate summary of social facilitation theory?

Accepted Answer

Social facilitation theory states that the presence of others can increase arousal and therefore increase the dominant response tendency, which can either improve or worsen task performance depending on the complexity of the task.

Question 15

In his early social psychological research regarding bicyclists and racing performance, Norman Triplett's initial interpretation of his finding was that the presence of others stimulated a ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In his early social psychological research regarding...

Question 16

Rohit is a very good golfer when he is alone, and an excellent golfer when he is with others. In the language of social facilitation theory, playing golf well appears to be a(n)____ for Rohit.

Accepted Answer

According to social facilitation theory, the presence of others can enhance performance on simple or well-learned tasks, which are referred to as a dominant response. For Rohit, playing golf well is likely a dominant response, which is why he performs even better when others are watching.

Question 17

Belonging to a human cultural group has two competing demands. They are ____.

Accepted Answer

Belonging to a human cultural group requires both similarity with others in the group, in order to fit in and feel a sense of common identity, and a sense of uniqueness or individuality, in order to differentiate oneself and feel valued within the group. These two demands are often at odds with one another and can create tension within the individual's experience of belonging.

Question 18

In the language of social facilitation theory, the so-called dominant response is ____.

Accepted Answer

The dominant response is the most common or habitual response for an individual in a given situation, regardless of whether it is the most socially valued or the most common among most people.

Question 19

In one of the earliest social psychological experiments to be conducted, Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other ____ than those who raced alone (against the clock).

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett found that cyclists who raced against each other cycled more quickly than those who raced alone against the clock. This phenomenon, known as social facilitation, suggests that the presence of others can enhance performance of well-learned tasks.

Question 20

Humans need to find uniqueness within the context of their group memberships. What structural elements of groups help humans do this?

Accepted Answer

Roles provide individuals with specific expectations and responsibilities within the group, and can help individuals feel unique and valued for their contributions. Norms provide guidelines for behavior and performance within the group, and can help individuals differentiate themselves based on their adherence or deviation from those norms. Communication patterns and membership applications may also play a role in the formation and maintenance of group identity, but they are not as directly related to individual uniqueness within the group.

Quiz 14: Groups

Similarity is important to membership in a human cultural group because it ____.

Research on social facilitation would suggest that, in general, runners would ____ when running alongside others as opposed to running alone.

As described in the text, ____ was at the core of the fascist movements of the first half of the twentieth century.

According to social facilitation theory, for most people, task performance for tasks such as should be enhanced by the presence of others, while task performance for tasks such as should be hindered by the presence of others.

Cockroaches completed simple mazes more quickly when they ran in the presence of other cockroaches (as opposed to alone) , and completed complex mazes more quickly when they ran alone (as opposed to in a group) . This finding illustrates that, even among cockroaches, ____.

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise for half an hour on rowing machines at a gym, among other people, would be more likely to ____ than people who exercise for half an hour on a rowing machine in the privacy of their home.

Social psychologists use the term ____ to refer to concern about how others are evaluating your performance.

While many modern offices make use of open shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices) , this office style can hinder productivity. Indeed, this office style is likely to be particularly detrimental for employees who work on ____.

After decades of research on the effect that others have on task performance, social psychologists have concluded that the presence of others ____.

Many modern offices have open, public shared spaces (rather than cubicles or offices) . This office style works best if the employees are working on ____.

Social facilitation theory suggests that tasks like walking, brushing one's teeth, or counting will be by the presence of others. It also suggests that tasks like solving a difficult maths problem or crossword puzzle will be by the presence of others.