Question 1

"No person or corporation shall require any white female nurse to nurse in wards or rooms in hospitals, either public or private, in which Negro men are placed." This Alabama law is an example of __________ Laws.

Accepted Answer

This Alabama law is an example of Jim Crow laws, which were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Question 2

From a sociological point of view, race is a

Accepted Answer

Race is considered a social construct rather than a biological or genetic one, as it is based on perceived differences that societies use to categorize people, rather than on significant inherent genetic differences.

Question 3

Rachel's friend who considers herself Asian does not do well on math tests. Rachel thinks she should be good at math because she is Asian. To support her stereotype Rachel sees her friend as

Accepted Answer

Rachel is engaging in a cognitive bias known as "exception to the rule," where she maintains her stereotype by viewing her friend's performance as an anomaly rather than evidence against the stereotype.

Question 4

Eugenics presented itself is as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eugenics presented itself is as
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Question 5

The distinction between prejudice and discrimination is that

Accepted Answer

Prejudice refers to prejudgment or negative attitudes towards individuals based on their membership in a particular group, while discrimination involves actions or behaviors that disadvantage individuals because of their group membership.

Question 6

Stereotypes are supported and reinforced in a number of ways. Which of the following is one of those ways?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are reinforced when prejudiced individuals fail to recognize or acknowledge information that contradicts their generalized beliefs, thereby maintaining their biased views.

Question 7

Mary's supervisor tells her that the only way to prevent theft is to follow black customers as they shop. Mary complies because she does not want to lose her job. Mary is a

Accepted Answer

Mary is a nonprejudiced discriminator because she is following the discriminatory policy not out of personal prejudice but because she is following orders to avoid losing her job.

Question 8

Bill notes that black athletes dominate the sport of basketball and uses that as evidence of natural leaping ability. At the same time, he does not use the same kind of logic to explain why white athletes dominate gymnastics. Bill is guilty of

Accepted Answer

Bill is demonstrating selective perception by choosing to notice and use as evidence the dominance of black athletes in basketball to support a belief in natural ability, while ignoring similar patterns in other sports like gymnastics where white athletes may dominate. This selective attention to information that confirms pre-existing beliefs or stereotypes is characteristic of selective perception.

Question 9

Which one of the following statements describes how minorities respond to stigmatization?

Accepted Answer

Minorities respond to stigmatization in diverse ways, reflecting a range of individual and collective reactions rather than conforming to a single, predictable pattern. This acknowledges the complexity of human behavior and the variety of coping mechanisms people employ when faced with discrimination or stigmatization.

Question 10

When hair is evaluated in racial terms such that "bad" hair is associated with the racial category "black" and good hair with the category "white" it is

Accepted Answer

This is an example of racialization, where characteristics (in this case, hair texture or style) are assigned value based on racial categories, reinforcing stereotypes and biases.

Question 11

"All marriages of white persons with Negroes, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming are and shall be illegal and void." This Wyoming law is an example of a law that enforced

Accepted Answer

This Wyoming law is an example of segregation because it legally separates people based on racial or ethnic differences, in this case, prohibiting marriages between white persons and people of other specific racial or ethnic groups.

Question 12

A major real estate company trains its agents to show houses located in neighborhoods dominated by the racial appearance of their clients. The company is guilty of

Accepted Answer

This practice is an example of institutional discrimination because it is a policy of the real estate company that systematically discriminates against certain groups by segregating housing based on race.

Question 13

Modern racism

Accepted Answer

Modern racism has historical roots in colonialism and imperialism, where it served as a justification for the exploitation of people and resources in Africa, Asia, and the Americas by European powers.

Question 14

When studying stigmas, Goffman maintained that the primary focus should be on

Accepted Answer

Goffman emphasized the importance of "mixed contacts," which are interactions between stigmatized individuals and so-called "normals," as these situations reveal the processes and effects of stigma.

Question 15

One study found that the lightest-skin immigrants to the U.S. earn 16 to 23 cents more on the dollar than their darkest-skinned immigrant counterparts. In this case skin shade has been

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes skin shade being assigned social significance and value, which is the definition of being racialized. It shows how societal perceptions and biases towards different skin shades can impact economic outcomes, thus making skin shade a basis for racial categorization and discrimination.

Question 16

A stigma is considered discrediting because

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stigma is considered discrediting because
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Question 17

Goffman used the term "normal" to mean

Accepted Answer

Goffman used the term "normal" to refer to individuals who do not possess any stigmatizing characteristics, thus are considered "stigma-free" in society.

Question 18

Many people believe that white men can't jump and are slow based on their observations of the relatively small number of white men who play professional basketball. This belief is derived from which one of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Selective perception is the process where individuals perceive what they want in media messages while ignoring opposing viewpoints. It involves focusing on certain details while ignoring others. In this context, the belief that white men can't jump and are slow is based on selective observation of professional basketball, where there is a relatively small number of white players, and ignoring evidence to the contrary.

Question 19

According to sociologist Erving Goffman, the very anticipation of contact can cause the "normals" and the stigmatized to try to avoid one another. This is because the two parties

Accepted Answer

Goffman's theory suggests that both "normals" and the stigmatized may try to avoid interaction to prevent the discomfort, rejection, and suspicions that often arise from encounters between the two groups.

Question 20

Federal sentences issued for crack cocaine offenses are three to six times longer than those for offenses involving equal amounts of powder cocaine. Approximately 85 percent of defendants convicted of crack offenses in federal court are black, whereas 78 percent of defendants in powder cocaine cases are white; thus, the severe sentences are imposed "primarily upon black offenders". This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of institutional discrimination because it describes a systemic issue within the legal and penal systems that disproportionately affects a specific racial group (black offenders) due to the policies and practices related to sentencing for crack versus powder cocaine offenses.

Quiz 9: Race and Ethnicity: With Emphasis on Social Construction