Question 1

When two gametes fuse, the diploid portion of the life cycle is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

When two gametes fuse, the resulting diploid organism enters the sporophyte generation of its life cycle. This stage is characterized by having a full set of chromosomes, one set from each parent.

Question 2

Which of the following were important plants millions of years ago, when species that are now extinct often reached great size?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

The haploid portion of the life cycle is called the _______________ because it gives rise to haploid gametes by mitosis.

Accepted Answer

The haploid portion of the life cycle is referred to as the gametophyte generation because it produces haploid gametes through the process of mitosis.

Question 4

Modern botanists think that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The best explanation for the hypothesis that all plants evolved from a common ancestor, an ancient green algae, is that they share many biochemical and metabolic traits. This indicates a common evolutionary origin and provides evidence of a shared lineage between plants and green algae.

Question 5

A bryophyte having a single large chloroplast in each cell belongs to which phylum?

Accepted Answer

Anthocerophyta, which includes hornworts, is characterized by having a single large chloroplast in each cell, distinguishing it from other bryophytes.

Question 6

Which of the following are interesting research plants for studies in genetics because they are polyploids and have multiple sets of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Ferns are interesting research plants for genetic studies because they are often polyploids, meaning they have multiple sets of chromosomes, which can provide insights into genetic variation and evolution.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic shared between green algae and plants?

Accepted Answer

Both green algae and plants contain chlorophylls a and b in their plastids, which are key for photosynthesis. This is a fundamental characteristic that they share, distinguishing them from other types of algae that might have different chlorophylls or accessory pigments.

Question 8

Which of the following is the structural and molecular data that indicate that land plants probably descended from a group of green algae?

Accepted Answer

Charophytes are a group of green algae that share distinct structural and molecular characteristics with land plants, suggesting a close evolutionary relationship and indicating that land plants likely descended from an ancestral charophyte lineage.

Question 9

What is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants?

Accepted Answer

Antheridium is the male sexual structure in many plants, algae, and fungi that produces sperm.

Question 10

Which vascular tissue is responsible for conducting water and dissolved minerals in plants?

Accepted Answer

Xylem is the vascular tissue in plants responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Question 11

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce ____, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that provide support and conduction.

Accepted Answer

Lignin is the strengthening polymer that provides support and conduction in the walls of cells in vascular plants, allowing them to grow taller and transport water and nutrients more effectively.

Question 12

Which group of plants were the most recent to evolve?

Accepted Answer

Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are the most recent group of plants to evolve, appearing approximately 140 million years ago during the Cretaceous period. They are now the most diverse and widespread group of plants on Earth.

Question 13

Why are mosses and liverworts limited in size?

Accepted Answer

Mosses and liverworts are non-vascular plants, meaning they lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) that transport water and nutrients, limiting their size and ability to grow tall.

Question 14

Meiosis occurs forming spores within which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis occurs in the sporangium, where spores are formed as part of the reproductive cycle in plants, fungi, and some protists.

Question 15

Each individual gametophyte plant has tiny, hair like absorptive structures known as:

Accepted Answer

Rhizoids are the hair-like structures on gametophytes that help in absorption.

Question 16

Some liverworts reproduce asexually by forming tiny balls of tissue called:

Accepted Answer

Gemmae are the tiny balls of tissue formed by some liverworts for asexual reproduction. They are dispersed from the parent plant and can grow into new individuals.

Question 17

Gametophytes also produce female gametangia known as:

Accepted Answer

Archegonia are the female gametangia produced by gametophytes in plants, where the eggs are produced and fertilization occurs.

Question 18

The haploid gametophytes produce male gametangia known as:

Accepted Answer

Antheridia are the male gametangia found in haploid gametophytes, responsible for producing sperm cells.

Question 19

Each spore divides by mitosis to produce a _________________ , and the cycle continues.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Each spore divides by mitosis to produce...

Question 20

The oldest known mega fossils of _______________, discovered in New York, are dated at 380 million years old. These trees, which were about 8 m tall, had vascular tissues but no leaves and a minimal root system.

Accepted Answer

The oldest known mega fossils described are of fernlike trees, specifically belonging to a group known as the cladoxylopsids. These ancient plants, discovered in New York, date back to around 380 million years ago and are some of the earliest known trees, characterized by their height, vascular tissues, lack of leaves, and minimal root system.

Quiz 27: Seedless Plants