Question 1

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory tastes.

Accepted Answer

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory tastes. Taste perception is determined by taste buds, which are located on the tongue and are responsible for detecting different tastes.

Question 2

Most of the disorders resulting from single-gene defects are rare.

Accepted Answer

Most single-gene disorders are rare because they often result from specific mutations that are not common in the general population.

Question 3

Increased level of physical activity appears to help people with pro-obesity gene variants lose weight.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that physical activity can mitigate the effects of certain genetic predispositions to obesity, helping individuals with pro-obesity gene variants manage their weight more effectively.

Question 4

Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations, and lasting modifications in them almost never occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations, and...

Question 5

The probability of disease development among people with certain genetic traits can sometimes be lowered by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle factors like diet and exercise can influence gene expression and reduce the risk of disease development, even in individuals with genetic predispositions.

Question 6

Sitosterolemia is treated by low-phenylalanine diets.

Accepted Answer

Sitosterolemia is a genetic condition that causes high levels of plant sterols in the blood, leading to increased risk of heart disease. It is treated by medications called statins and ezetimibe, which help reduce absorption of plant sterols. Low-phenylalanine diets are used to treat a different genetic condition called phenylketonuria.

Question 7

Genetic traits are the main cause of the recent epidemics of obesity and diabetes.

Accepted Answer

While genetic traits can contribute to obesity and diabetes, recent epidemics are largely driven by environmental factors such as poor diet, lack of physical activity, and lifestyle changes.

Question 8

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more calcium than normal.

Accepted Answer

Hemochromatosis affects the body's ability to regulate iron absorption, but it does not impact calcium absorption.

Question 9

Some people get the set of genes that make them highly sensitive to bitter-tasting foods.

Accepted Answer

Some people have genetic variations that affect their taste receptors, making them more sensitive to bitter compounds in foods.

Question 10

DNA is placed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Accepted Answer

DNA is not normally found in the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein and lipid synthesis and is not involved in DNA replication or storage.

Question 11

Enzymes and other proteins produced as a result of genetic codes are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body.

Accepted Answer

Enzymes and other proteins are indeed essential for carrying out chemical reactions within the body, which is necessary for life and maintaining health. These proteins are produced according to genetic codes encoded in DNA.

Question 12

It is estimated that 90% of DNA alterations associated with disease are due to genes rather than gene variants.

Accepted Answer

Most DNA alterations associated with diseases are due to gene variants (mutations or polymorphisms) rather than entire genes themselves.

Question 13

Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

Accepted Answer

Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

Question 14

Gene variants related to impaired folate and choline utilization can decrease the need for folate and choline.

Accepted Answer

Gene variants that impair folate and choline utilization typically increase the need for these nutrients, as the body may not process them efficiently.

Question 15

All humans share 99.9% of the same DNA.

Accepted Answer

Humans share approximately 99.9% of their DNA with each other, with the remaining 0.1% accounting for individual genetic differences.

Question 16

Women who have certain gene variants have a higher risk of developing breast cancer if they regularly consume cabbages.

Accepted Answer

There is no scientific evidence to suggest that consuming cabbages increases breast cancer risk in women with certain gene variants. In fact, cruciferous vegetables like cabbage are generally considered to have cancer-preventive properties.

Question 17

Humans have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, not 30.

Question 18

Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes will become standard practice in clinical dietetics and medicine.

Accepted Answer

Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes are already being used in clinical dietetics and medicine, and their use is expected to become more widespread in the future.

Question 19

Knowledge of an individual's genetic makeup does not provide enough information to reliably indicate disease risk.

Accepted Answer

While genetic factors can certainly contribute to disease risk, there are many other factors (environmental, lifestyle, etc.) that also play a role. Therefore, knowledge of genetic makeup alone is not sufficient to reliably predict disease risk.

Question 20

All sections of DNA code for protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

Not all sections of DNA code for proteins; some regions are non-coding and have regulatory or structural functions.

Quiz 26: Nutrition Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory tastes.

Most of the disorders resulting from single-gene defects are rare.

Increased level of physical activity appears to help people with pro-obesity gene variants lose weight.

Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations, and lasting modifications in them almost never occur.

The probability of disease development among people with certain genetic traits can sometimes be lowered by lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise.

Sitosterolemia is treated by low-phenylalanine diets.

Genetic traits are the main cause of the recent epidemics of obesity and diabetes.

Individuals with hemochromatosis absorb more calcium than normal.

Some people get the set of genes that make them highly sensitive to bitter-tasting foods.

DNA is placed in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Enzymes and other proteins produced as a result of genetic codes are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body.

It is estimated that 90% of DNA alterations associated with disease are due to genes rather than gene variants.

Hemochromatosis is a fairly common single-gene defect disorder.

Gene variants related to impaired folate and choline utilization can decrease the need for folate and choline.

All humans share 99.9% of the same DNA.

Women who have certain gene variants have a higher risk of developing breast cancer if they regularly consume cabbages.

Humans have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes will become standard practice in clinical dietetics and medicine.

Knowledge of an individual's genetic makeup does not provide enough information to reliably indicate disease risk.

All sections of DNA code for protein synthesis.