Question 1

Plant hormones known as ____ stimulate mitosis.

Accepted Answer

Cytokinins are a type of plant hormone that stimulate cell division (mitosis) in the shoot and root meristems, leading to growth and development of the plant. The other choices (A, B, D, E) are not directly involved in stimulating mitosis in plants.

Question 2

To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by:

Accepted Answer

The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled through a series of cell cycle checkpoints, which monitor the progression of the cell through each stage of the cell cycle and make sure everything is proceeding as it should. If the checkpoints detect any problems or abnormalities, they can signal for the cell to pause or even halt the cell cycle until the issue is resolved. This helps prevent disastrous consequences like uncontrolled growth or damaged DNA from being passed on to daughter cells.

Question 3

Figure 10-1  Which phase of cell division is depicted in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 10-1  Which phase of cell...

Question 4

During prophase I, each chiasma represents:

Accepted Answer

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and form tetrads. This is also the stage where crossing-over occurs. Chiasmata (plural for chiasma) are the physical manifestations of the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during crossing-over. Therefore, each chiasma represents a site of crossing-over.

Question 5

To control the cell cycle:

Accepted Answer

Cyclins are regulatory proteins whose levels fluctuate throughout the cell cycle, enabling the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks).

Question 6

Once nerve cells become mature, they do not typically undergo cell division. Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle, you might predict that mature nerve cells become arrested in the ____ of the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Once nerve cells become mature, they do...

Question 7

Figure 10-1  In the accompanying figure, which combination of letters accurately represents two homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 10-1  In the accompanying figure,...

Question 8

Chromosomes are duplicated during the ____ of the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are duplicated during the S phase of the cell cycle. In this phase, DNA is synthesized, leading to the formation of identical sister chromatids that will be separated during cell division.

Question 9

A cell in the G₂ phase:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cell in the G₂ phase: ...

Question 10

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes lie side by side. This phenomenon is known as:

Accepted Answer

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes come together and form tetrads (group of four chromatids). This allows for crossing over to occur, which mixes genes between homologous chromosomes.

Question 11

In a human cell at prophase I, there are ____ tetrads.

Accepted Answer

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up to form tetrads. Since humans are diploid organisms with 23 pairs of chromosomes, there will be 23 tetrads present in a human cell at prophase I.

Question 12

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, which enhances a population's ability to adapt to changing environments and survive challenges.

Question 13

Which of the following is produced by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces gametes, which are reproductive cells like sperm and eggs in animals.

Question 14

Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during:

Accepted Answer

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and undergo synapsis to form a structure called a bivalent or tetrad. This is also when crossing over occurs. Anaphase I, anaphase II, telophase II, and prophase II do not involve synapsis.

Question 15

Homologous chromosomes can be identified and/or characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes have similar and characteristic staining patterns because they have the same genes at the same loci, which allows them to be identified as pairs during processes like karyotyping.

Question 16

The M phase of the cell cycle involves two main processes:

Accepted Answer

The M phase (or mitotic phase) of the cell cycle involves the division of the cell's nucleus through mitosis and the separation of the cytoplasm through a process called cytokinesis. Therefore, the correct choice is A) mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 17

Figure 10-1  In the accompanying figure, which combination of letters accurately represents two sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure 10-1  In the accompanying figure,...

Question 18

During which stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate?

Accepted Answer

During anaphase II of meiosis, the sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 19

What would happen if meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis is necessary to reduce the chromosome number by half in order to maintain the correct number of chromosomes in the next generation. Without meiosis, the chromosome number would double in each generation, leading to an unmanageable number of chromosomes and genetic information.

Question 20

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have ____ chromosomes in its gametes and ____ chromosomes in its somatic cells.

Accepted Answer

In meiosis, the diploid number is reduced by half, resulting in haploid cells. Therefore, the animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will produce gametes with 18 chromosomes. However, somatic cells maintain the diploid number, so they will have 36 chromosomes.

Quiz 10: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Plant hormones known as ____ stimulate mitosis.

To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by:

Figure 10-1 Which phase of cell division is depicted in the accompanying figure?

During prophase I, each chiasma represents:

To control the cell cycle:

Once nerve cells become mature, they do not typically undergo cell division. Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle, you might predict that mature nerve cells become arrested in the ____ of the cell cycle.

Figure 10-1 In the accompanying figure, which combination of letters accurately represents two homologous chromosomes?

Chromosomes are duplicated during the ____ of the cell cycle.

A cell in the G₂ phase:

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes lie side by side. This phenomenon is known as:

In a human cell at prophase I, there are ____ tetrads.

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction?

Which of the following is produced by meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during:

Homologous chromosomes can be identified and/or characterized by:

The M phase of the cell cycle involves two main processes:

Figure 10-1 In the accompanying figure, which combination of letters accurately represents two sister chromatids?

During which stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate?

What would happen if meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms?

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have chromosomes in its gametes and chromosomes in its somatic cells.

Quiz 10: Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

Plant hormones known as ____ stimulate mitosis.

To prevent disastrous consequences, the eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by:

Figure 10-1 Which phase of cell division is depicted in the accompanying figure?

During prophase I, each chiasma represents:

To control the cell cycle:

Once nerve cells become mature, they do not typically undergo cell division. Based on your knowledge of the cell cycle, you might predict that mature nerve cells become arrested in the ____ of the cell cycle.

Figure 10-1 In the accompanying figure, which combination of letters accurately represents two homologous chromosomes?

Chromosomes are duplicated during the ____ of the cell cycle.

A cell in the G2 phase:

During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes lie side by side. This phenomenon is known as:

In a human cell at prophase I, there are ____ tetrads.

What evolutionary advantage is provided by sexual reproduction?

Which of the following is produced by meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis during:

Homologous chromosomes can be identified and/or characterized by:

The M phase of the cell cycle involves two main processes:

Figure 10-1 In the accompanying figure, which combination of letters accurately represents two sister chromatids?

During which stage of meiosis do the sister chromatids separate?

What would happen if meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms?

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have ____ chromosomes in its gametes and ____ chromosomes in its somatic cells.

A cell in the G₂ phase:

An animal with a diploid number of 36 chromosomes will have chromosomes in its gametes and chromosomes in its somatic cells.