Question 1

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, specifically in the inner membrane of the mitochondria where the electron transport chain takes place.

Question 2

The surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane is greatly increased by ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The cristae (folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane) greatly increase the surface area of the membrane, which is important for the high concentration of enzymes and transporters necessary for cellular respiration.

Question 3

Which organelles contain enzymes involved in reactions linking major biochemical pathways, including the breakdown of fats, some amino acids, and alcohols? ​

Accepted Answer

Microbodies, such as peroxisomes, contain enzymes that are involved in the breakdown of fats, amino acids, and alcohols, linking various biochemical pathways.

Question 4

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic substance, occurs in small, specialized membrane-bound organelles called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles that contain enzymes to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thus detoxifying the cell.

Question 5

The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called nucleoplasm.

Question 6

The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids. ​

Accepted Answer

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids.

Question 7

Trace the correct path in the endomembrane followed by a protein, beginning with its site of synthesis in the rough ER. ​

Accepted Answer

Proteins are synthesized in the rough ER and then transported to the Golgi complex in vesicles. In the Golgi complex, modifications are made to the protein and it is packaged into vesicles. These vesicles then travel to the plasma membrane and release the protein outside the cell. Therefore, the correct path is rough ER, Golgi complex, vesicle, plasma membrane.

Question 8

Chromatin consists of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is composed of DNA and associated proteins, such as histones and non-histone proteins. RNA can also be present in chromatin, but it is not a major component. Proteins in the nucleus that are not associated with DNA and chromatin are not considered part of chromatin.

Question 9

A network of protein filaments called ____ lines and reinforces the inner surface of the nuclear envelope in animal cells. ​

Accepted Answer

Lamins are intermediate filaments that provide structural support for the nucleus and are found in animal cells. They form a network of protein filaments that reinforce the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, helping to maintain the shape and stability of the nucleus. Actins are also protein filaments, but they are primarily involved in cell movement and muscle contraction. Chromatins are the material that makes up chromosomes, and tubulins are the building blocks of microtubules, which are involved in cell division and other cellular processes. Lamellae are thin layers of tissue found in various parts of the body.

Question 10

At one point in human development, tissue connects the fingers, giving the hand a "webbed" appearance.  Enzymes eventually destroy the cells of the webbing and the fingers separate. These enzymes are probably localized in the ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down cellular waste materials and extracellular materials through phagocytosis. During finger separation, these enzymes are responsible for breaking down the tissue connecting the fingers, allowing them to separate. Neither chromosomes, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, nor vacuoles play a direct role in this process.

Question 11

Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, so cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ribosomes.

Question 12

A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of DNA and protein. DNA contains the genetic information, while the proteins help organize and compact the DNA to fit into the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Some examples of these proteins include histones and non-histone proteins.

Question 13

Cells actively secreting enzymes would likely carry out more ____ than other cells. ​

Accepted Answer

Cells that actively secrete enzymes would need to export the enzymes outside the cell to carry out their function. This export is achieved through exocytosis, making option A the best choice. Options B, C, D, and E are not directly related to enzyme secretion.

Question 14

How did researchers determine the proteins involved in the secretory pathway? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did researchers determine the proteins involved...

Question 15

The nucleoli, found within the nucleus, are the sites of ____ synthesis. ​

Accepted Answer

Nucleoli are sites of ribosomal subunit synthesis, specifically the synthesis of the rRNA that makes up the ribosomal subunits.

Question 16

Which methodology was used by researchers to identify the nuclear localization sequence? ​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which methodology was used by researchers to...

Question 17

Cellular respiration is the process by which ____ and ____ are converted to water and carbon dioxide during the synthesis of ATP. ​

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose (and sometimes other molecules like fats) to produce ATP, with the byproducts of water and carbon dioxide being released. Option A and B include incorrect acronyms, while C doesn't have any correct elements. Option E is incorrect because ATP is actually produced during cellular respiration, not used up in the process.

Question 18

The ____ contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. ​

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. The other organelles listed do not have this enzymatic activity.

Question 19

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from ancient bacteria because ____. ​

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes, just like bacteria, which supports the theory that they may have evolved from ancient bacteria through endosymbiosis.

Question 20

Lysosomal enzymes function best at a pH of about ____.

Accepted Answer

Lysosomal enzymes are optimized to work at acidic conditions, which is around a pH of 5, typical of the environment inside lysosomes.

Quiz 4: Cells

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ____.

The surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane is greatly increased by ____.

Which organelles contain enzymes involved in reactions linking major biochemical pathways, including the breakdown of fats, some amino acids, and alcohols?

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic substance, occurs in small, specialized membrane-bound organelles called ____.

The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called ____.

The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids.

Trace the correct path in the endomembrane followed by a protein, beginning with its site of synthesis in the rough ER.

Chromatin consists of ____.

A network of protein filaments called ____ lines and reinforces the inner surface of the nuclear envelope in animal cells.

At one point in human development, tissue connects the fingers, giving the hand a "webbed" appearance. Enzymes eventually destroy the cells of the webbing and the fingers separate. These enzymes are probably localized in the ____.

Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ____.

A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of ____.

Cells actively secreting enzymes would likely carry out more ____ than other cells.

How did researchers determine the proteins involved in the secretory pathway?

The nucleoli, found within the nucleus, are the sites of ____ synthesis.

Which methodology was used by researchers to identify the nuclear localization sequence?

Cellular respiration is the process by which and are converted to water and carbon dioxide during the synthesis of ATP.

The ____ contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from ancient bacteria because ____.

Lysosomal enzymes function best at a pH of about ____.

Quiz 4: Cells

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ____. ​

The surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane is greatly increased by ____. ​

Which organelles contain enzymes involved in reactions linking major biochemical pathways, including the breakdown of fats, some amino acids, and alcohols? ​

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic substance, occurs in small, specialized membrane-bound organelles called ____. ​

The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called ____. ​

The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids. ​

Trace the correct path in the endomembrane followed by a protein, beginning with its site of synthesis in the rough ER. ​

Chromatin consists of ____. ​

A network of protein filaments called ____ lines and reinforces the inner surface of the nuclear envelope in animal cells. ​

At one point in human development, tissue connects the fingers, giving the hand a "webbed" appearance. Enzymes eventually destroy the cells of the webbing and the fingers separate. These enzymes are probably localized in the ____. ​

Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ____. ​

A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of ____. ​

Cells actively secreting enzymes would likely carry out more ____ than other cells. ​

How did researchers determine the proteins involved in the secretory pathway? ​

The nucleoli, found within the nucleus, are the sites of ____ synthesis. ​

Which methodology was used by researchers to identify the nuclear localization sequence? ​

Cellular respiration is the process by which ____ and ____ are converted to water and carbon dioxide during the synthesis of ATP. ​

The ____ contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. ​

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from ancient bacteria because ____. ​

Lysosomal enzymes function best at a pH of about ____.

Aerobic cellular respiration occurs in the ____.

The surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane is greatly increased by ____.

Which organelles contain enzymes involved in reactions linking major biochemical pathways, including the breakdown of fats, some amino acids, and alcohols?

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide, a toxic substance, occurs in small, specialized membrane-bound organelles called ____.

The semiliquid substance within the nucleus is called ____.

The ____ is/are involved in the synthesis of lipids.

Trace the correct path in the endomembrane followed by a protein, beginning with its site of synthesis in the rough ER.

Chromatin consists of ____.

A network of protein filaments called ____ lines and reinforces the inner surface of the nuclear envelope in animal cells.

At one point in human development, tissue connects the fingers, giving the hand a "webbed" appearance. Enzymes eventually destroy the cells of the webbing and the fingers separate. These enzymes are probably localized in the ____.

Cells that are making large quantities of proteins will have numerous ____.

A eukaryotic chromosome is composed of ____.

Cells actively secreting enzymes would likely carry out more ____ than other cells.

How did researchers determine the proteins involved in the secretory pathway?

The nucleoli, found within the nucleus, are the sites of ____ synthesis.

Which methodology was used by researchers to identify the nuclear localization sequence?

Cellular respiration is the process by which and are converted to water and carbon dioxide during the synthesis of ATP.

The ____ contains hydrolytic enzymes for the digestion of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.

Scientists believe that mitochondria may have evolved from ancient bacteria because ____.