Question 1

_______ is the idea of convincing criminals that committing a serious crime is too risky and that other, less-dangerous crimes or actions might be a better choice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is the idea of convincing criminals...

Question 2

_______ is the notion that people who believe they will be punished will be deterred from crime, even if the likelihood of punishment is insignificant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ is the notion that people who...

Question 3

Rational choice theory is rooted in the classical school of criminology developed by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rational choice theory is rooted in the...

Question 4

If petty offenses were subject to the same punishment as more serious crimes, offenders would choose the worst crime: this is referred to as the concept of:

Accepted Answer

Marginal deterrence refers to the idea that the severity of punishment should increase with the severity of the crime to discourage individuals from committing more serious offenses. If all crimes were punished equally, there would be no additional deterrent effect for more severe crimes, potentially leading individuals to commit worse offenses if they believe the punishment will be the same.

Question 5

Beccaria's beliefs and writings about the proportionality of crime and punishment have been credited as the basis for the elimination of what nineteenth-century practice?

Accepted Answer

Beccaria's work, particularly in his essay "On Crimes and Punishments" (1764), argued against the use of torture and the death penalty, emphasizing the importance of proportionality in punishment. His ideas were foundational in the movement towards the abolition of torture as a form of legal punishment.

Question 6

A program that seems successful because it helps to lower crime rates at specific locations or neighborhoods may simply be redirecting offenders to alternative targets; this is known as__________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A program that seems successful because it...

Question 7

The concentration of police resources on street-level drug dealing, for example, to eradicate or displace that activity, would be an example of a(n) _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concentration of police resources on street-level...

Question 8

Beccaria believed that humans were naturally:

Accepted Answer

Beccaria posited that humans are naturally egotistical and self-centered, which influences his theories on crime and punishment, emphasizing rationality and the social contract.

Question 9

When efforts to prevent one crime benefit another crime or area, it is referred to as _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When efforts to prevent one crime benefit...

Question 10

Crime may be reduced by making it difficult for people to _____ their criminal behavior by saying things like "I didn't know that was illegal."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crime may be reduced by making it...

Question 11

In Ronald Clarke's CRAVED model, the "C" stands for ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Ronald Clarke's CRAVED model, the "C"...

Question 12

Placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime years should lessen their lifetime opportunity to commit crime. This theory is known as the _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Placing offenders behind bars during their prime...

Question 13

The theory of __________________ holds that criminal sanctions should be so powerful that known criminals will never repeat their criminal acts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theory of __________________ holds that criminal...

Question 14

Beccaria believed that criminals chose to commit crime, and that criminal choices could be controlled by:

Accepted Answer

Beccaria's classical theory of criminology suggests that people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions and that crime can be deterred by the fear of punishment. This theory emphasizes the importance of having punishments that are certain, swift, and proportionate to the crime to deter criminal behavior.

Question 15

The philosophy of ___________________ asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The philosophy of ___________________ asserts that those...

Question 16

Fear of shame, embarrassment, and humiliation can be powerful general deterrents to crime. An individual's fear of exposure and consequent shaming may vary according to the _________ of community structure and type of crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fear of shame, embarrassment, and humiliation can...

Question 17

Adding a security guard to reduce shoplifting in a department store is an example of a crime __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adding a security guard to reduce shoplifting...

Question 18

The Doorsteps Neighbourhood Program in Ontario, Canada, is a(n) ________________ program to help to reduce crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Doorsteps Neighbourhood Program in Ontario, Canada,...

Question 19

The three elements of deterrence are certainty, severity, and __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The three elements of deterrence are certainty,...

Question 20

__________ is the principle that crime prevention can be achieved through modifying the physical environment to reduce individuals' opportunities to commit crime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is the principle that crime prevention...

Quiz 4: Rational Choice Theory