Question 1

Which statement is the best representation of the impact that Sigmund Freud has had?

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories, while controversial and not universally accepted, have significantly influenced psychology, literature, art, and culture.

Question 2

As a homework assignment, you choose to research the concept of introspection from your psychology textbook. You would first explain that introspection is the

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the process of examining one's own thoughts and feelings, which aligns with option A.

Question 3

Which American psychologist is credited with conceptualizing and advancing the perspective of functionalism early in the history of the field?

Accepted Answer

William James is credited with advancing the perspective of functionalism in psychology.

Question 4

The early psychological model of functionalism, spearheaded by William James, was largely influenced by the earlier theory of ________.

Accepted Answer

Functionalism, led by William James, was influenced by the theory of evolution, particularly Charles Darwin's ideas, focusing on how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments.

Question 5

The first figure in psychology to suggest that all of our processes, from actions to slips of the tongue to dreams, were influenced by psychological factors was

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud was the first to propose that unconscious psychological factors influence all aspects of human behavior, including actions, slips of the tongue, and dreams.

Question 6

The group of psychologists who focused on the whole of consciousness rather than its component parts were the

Accepted Answer

The Gestalt psychologists rejected the idea that consciousness could be broken down into separate components, instead emphasizing the importance of the whole experience.

Question 7

If you invite friends over for dinner, and in the middle of the meal you ask them to stop and focus carefully on the flavors of the food in their mouths, your question would be most similar to that used by

Accepted Answer

Structuralists focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components, similar to analyzing the flavors in food.

Question 8

A psychologist blindfolds a subject and then places the subject's hand into a dish of water. The psychologist asks the subject to report whether his hand feels colder or warmer than before being placed in the water. Which of the following psychologists was most likely to have conducted this study?

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt is known as the father of experimental psychology and was interested in studying sensory experiences and perception, which aligns with the described experiment.

Question 9

"The whole shape of conscious experience is not the same as the sum of its parts" is a belief proposed by which view of psychology?

Accepted Answer

Gestalt psychology emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts, focusing on patterns and configurations in perception.

Question 10

In a classic song from the 1980s, singer Janet Jackson asked her listeners "what have you done for me lately?" If she applied this question to the purposes of consciousness, she would most likely be classified as a

Accepted Answer

Functionalism focuses on the function of consciousness, such as how it helps us adapt to our environment.

Question 11

Subjects in an experiment are exposed to a stimulus and asked to describe and analyze their experiences. These subjects are engaging in

Accepted Answer

Introspection involves examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings, which aligns with subjects describing and analyzing their experiences after being exposed to a stimulus.

Question 12

Cory is holding a bright purple ball. He is attempting to describe in detail the experience of feeling and seeing the ball, as well as reporting any internal reactions that holding the ball creates. Cory is engaging in

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the process of examining one's own thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Cory is engaging in introspection by describing in detail the experience of feeling and seeing the ball, as well as reporting any internal reactions that holding the ball creates.

Question 13

Jarrod believes that introspection is the only way to obtain good data. In his research, he is trying to identify the basic components of consciousness. Jarrod's research most closely adheres to the tenets of the __________ school of psychology.

Accepted Answer

Structuralism focuses on identifying the basic components of consciousness through introspection, aligning with Jarrod's approach.

Question 14

Roger and Amanda are attempting to define consciousness. "What is consciousness? What does consciousness consist of?" asks Roger. Amanda says, "I think it would be more helpful to think about the purpose of consciousness. For example, how does it help us adapt to our environment?" Roger takes a __________ approach to defining consciousness, while Amanda takes a __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

Roger is focusing on the structure or components of consciousness, which aligns with a structuralist approach. Amanda is considering the purpose or function of consciousness in adaptation, which is a functionalist perspective.

Question 15

You are marooned on a tropical island with a dangerous criminal. In your suitcase are four books written by psychologists. If you believe that the criminal's behavior was mostly the result of unconscious conflicts within his mind, which author should you choose to best elaborate on this idea?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud is known for his theories of the unconscious mind, including the idea of the id, ego, and superego. He believed that unconscious conflicts within the mind could lead to psychological disorders and abnormal behavior. Therefore, his work would be most relevant to understanding the criminal's behavior on the island.

Question 16

Pavan decided to try introspection as a way to study mental processes. Which approach to the study of consciousness was he following?

Accepted Answer

Introspection is a method used by structuralists to explore the structure of the mind by examining one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.

Question 17

William James believed the focus of research should be on how mental images, sensations, and memories come together as a function of experience. Before him, Titchener believed it was important to define the

Accepted Answer

William James disagreed with Titchener's focus on defining the process of introspection and instead believed in studying the structure of consciousness and how mental processes come together. Therefore, the best choice is D, which refers to Titchener's focus on the structure of consciousness.

Question 18

The modern age of psychology was "born" when

Accepted Answer

Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology research laboratory at the University of Leipzig in 1879, marking the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Question 19

Meghan says to Jamal, "Instead of trying to break down consciousness into little pieces, we should look at it from the whole perspective. Like how people experience a full motion movie from thousands of still pictures. That is what's important to know!" Meghan clearly supports the work of __________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Meghan's statement about looking at consciousness from a whole perspective aligns with the principles of Gestalt psychology, which emphasizes how people perceive and experience the world as a whole rather than breaking it down into individual parts or components.

Question 20

This group of psychologists felt that the goal of the field should be to identify the actual purposes of consciousness and to understand how human awareness contributes to our lives.

Accepted Answer

Functionalists believed that the goal of psychology should be to understand the function of consciousness and how it helps us adapt to our environment.

Quiz 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology