Question 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

Lowered blood pressure is not a characteristic of REM sleep.

Question 2

While the exact cause of narcolepsy is not known, experts suspect that it is due to a loss of cells in part of the brain that are responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter called

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is believed to be caused by the loss of cells in the hypothalamus that produce orexin (also known as hypocretin), a neurotransmitter that regulates wakefulness and sleep.

Question 3

Which of the following is true of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 4

"I've got a joke for all of you," Rallo announces to a group of friends. "How many psychologists does it take to change a light bulb?" Before he can reveal the answer, Rallo suddenly falls into a deep sleep. Rallo must be suffering from

Accepted Answer

Rallo's sudden transition from wakefulness to sleep suggests narcolepsy, a condition characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Question 5

Jed feels tired all day long and can't focus very well at work. At a sleep institute, he is told that he actually stops breathing many hundreds of times throughout the night. Jed has

Accepted Answer

Jed's symptoms of stopping breathing many times during the night are characteristic of sleep apnea, a disorder where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

Question 6

What is the primary difference between a person in REM sleep and one in stage N3 sleep?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the primary difference between a...

Question 7

After Merton has been sleeping for about 45 minutes, his heart begins to beat faster, his breathing grows fast and irregular, and his closed eyes begin to move back and forth. He is now having an intense dream about interviewing for a promotion at work. Merton is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Merton is most likely experiencing REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is characterized by fast heart rate, irregular breathing, and rapid eye movements, and is the stage of sleep where vivid dreaming occurs.

Question 8

Nikita suffers from a condition in which she is constantly awakened because she stops breathing when she sleeps. Nikita probably suffers from

Accepted Answer

Nikita's symptoms describe sleep apnea, a condition in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.

Question 9

In REM sleep, the EEG resembles that of a person who is awake and mentally active, but

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the EEG shows brain activity similar to wakefulness, but muscle tone decreases significantly, leading to a state of virtual paralysis, which prevents acting out dreams.

Question 10

During the day, Edward feels groggy and disjointed. As a result, he finds it difficult to focus on his job. However, when he tries to go to sleep at night, he finds it difficult to fall asleep. When he is able to fall asleep, he wakes up repeatedly throughout the night. If this persists, Edward may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Edward's symptoms of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and feeling groggy during the day are characteristic of insomnia.

Question 11

Marjorie is taking a medication that helps to sustain cells in her hypothalamus that produces a neurotransmitter called hypocretin. This medication is most likely designed to counter the effects of an illness called ________.

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is associated with a deficiency in hypocretin (also known as orexin), a neurotransmitter that regulates wakefulness and arousal. The medication Marjorie is taking is likely aimed at addressing this deficiency.

Question 12

What kind of instrumentation is needed to accurately assess what stage of sleep a person is experiencing?

Accepted Answer

EEG (electroencephalogram) is used to measure brain wave activity, which is crucial for determining different stages of sleep.

Question 13

You see a therapist because you have been suffering from insomnia for the past two months. The therapist discusses learning-based treatments that may help you, including

Accepted Answer

Learning-based treatments refer to techniques that help you learn how to relax and adjust your behaviors so that you can sleep better. Of the options provided, progressive relaxation training is the best choice as it involves learning to relax your body and mind to promote sleep, which addresses the underlying cause of insomnia. Sleeping pills may be effective in the short term, but they can lead to dependence and do not address the underlying issues causing the insomnia. Using a nasal mask during sleep and weight loss may be helpful for addressing other sleep-related issues, but they are not learning-based treatments for insomnia.

Question 14

Elvira has just bought a dream interpretation book and is very excited about trying to interpret her own dreams. When Elvira goes to sleep, she will be more likely to experience dreaming __________ in the night during __________ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Dreaming is most likely to occur during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which typically happens later in the night as sleep cycles progress.

Question 15

John, Paul, George, and Ringo are hooked up to electroencephalographs. John is in stage 3 sleep. Paul is also asleep, but he is dreaming. George just fell asleep a few minutes ago and is in stage 1 sleep. Ringo cannot fall asleep and is awake and mentally active. Whose EEG will look different than those produced by the other three?

Accepted Answer

The answer of John, Paul, George, and Ringo are hooked...

Question 16

Thomas and Jada have just brought their new infant home, and they are very excited to be new parents. They have read tons of articles and books about how to keep their baby safe, and they know that to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), they have to put their baby ________ during sleep time.

Accepted Answer

Placing a baby on their back to sleep is recommended to reduce the risk of SIDS.

Question 17

Sing Tung is given a new drug. As a result, his normal sleep cycle is altered. He moves from an REM stage to NREM stages 1-2-3 and then abruptly awakens. The experimenter has recorded his brain activity. Which of the following is not characteristic of Sing Tung's altered sleep cycle?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is typically associated with a great deal of dream activity, but in this altered cycle, Sing Tung moves from REM to NREM stages and then awakens, which is not characteristic of typical dream activity.

Question 18

Which of the following conditions, if left untreated, would you be most likely to detect in one of your instructors if your only contact with your instructor was in class?

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, which would be noticeable during class interactions.

Question 19

Dr. Gates strongly advises Aaron and Brielle to make sure their infant does not sleep face down on soft surfaces. She states that that sleeping position has been highly correlated with a fatal infant disorder known as __________, even though exposure to cigarette smoke and genetic factors are also potential causes.

Accepted Answer

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a fatal disorder in infants that has been highly correlated with sleeping face down on soft surfaces.

Question 20

Which of the following people is most likely experiencing REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

During REM sleep, the body experiences atonia, or temporary paralysis, which prevents the sleeper from acting out dreams. Gene's paralysis suggests he is in REM sleep.

Quiz 4: Consciousness