Question 1

Ozlem thinks that things always work out positively for her. When she has a problem, she takes steps to eliminate it immediately, and she thinks of the problem as a challenge. Ozlem seems to be a person with

Accepted Answer

Ozlem's belief that things always work out positively for her is a key characteristic of dispositional optimism. This suggests that she has a positive outlook on life and a belief in her own ability to overcome challenges. The other options, including high neuroticism, type A characteristics, and high extraversion, do not adequately capture the traits that Ozlem displays in this scenario.

Question 2

Marita's body has just been exposed to a number of foreign invaders, but her immune system is activing a certain type of cell that will produce antibodies to fight these toxins. What kind of cell will produce such antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B-cells are responsible for producing antibodies in response to foreign invaders in the body.

Question 3

Men and women typically react differently in the face of stress. These differences may result from the tendency of men to adopt __________, whereas women tend to adopt __________ when reacting to stress.

Accepted Answer

Men tend to react to stress with a fight-or-flight response, which involves either confronting the stressor or running away from it. Women, on the other hand, tend to adopt a tend-and-befriend response, which involves seeking social support and nurturing behavior to cope with stress.

Question 4

Eli grew up in an impoverished neighborhood and had friends who never went to school and ended up in prison. He finished high school while holding down a full-time job at night. He put himself through college while working and caring for his ailing parents. Throughout the challenges, Eli always believed that things would work out for the best. Eli is displaying

Accepted Answer

Eli is displaying dispositional optimism, which is the general expectation that good things will happen in the future, despite facing challenges.

Question 5

Evelyn's husband recently died and she is supporting her two children. In addition, she is struggling to keep her job and has taken an increased workload. Based on what you know about stress, Evelyn is most likely to

Accepted Answer

When experiencing chronic stress, our immune system weakens, making it more difficult for our bodies to fight off infections like colds and respiratory illnesses. Since Evelyn is dealing with multiple stressors, it is likely that her immune system is compromised and she may be more susceptible to illnesses.

Question 6

Benjamin is a researcher studying ways to decrease the negative impact of stress on patients who have tested HIV-positive. Benjamin is probably in the field of

Accepted Answer

The field of psychoneuroimmunology is concerned with the interactions between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system. In this case, Benjamin's research on ways to decrease the negative impact of stress on HIV-positive patients fits within this field. Psychobiology and neurological psychology are more focused on the physiological aspects of the brain and behavior, while cognitive psychology is concerned with mental processes such as perception, attention, and memory.

Question 7

Which is the best description of the field of psychoneuroimmunology?

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of how psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system interact and affect health and disease.

Question 8

People with disease-prone personalities tend to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

People with disease-prone personalities tend to rely on emotion-focused rather than problem-focused coping strategies, as they often feel overwhelmed by stressors and doubt their ability to effectively manage them.

Question 9

Suppose you are a secret agent who has been shrunk to the size of a virus. You want to enter a person's body at a time when you are least likely to be detected and destroyed. You should wait until

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you are a secret agent who...

Question 10

T-cells are leukocytes in the bloodstream that mature in the thymus and __________ other cells.

Accepted Answer

T-cells are responsible for identifying and killing infected or abnormal cells in the body. They do not mimic, engulf and digest, or bind to other cells.

Question 11

Shio-Yuan has been under a great deal of job-related stress for the past few months, leading to the __________ of his immune system.

Accepted Answer

Job-related stress can lead to a suppression of the immune system, making it weaker and less able to defend against illnesses. Strength and defense would be positive effects on the immune system, while destruction is not an accurate description of the impact on the immune system.

Question 12

Harley has recently heard that his company is closing, and he will be out of a job soon. He has decided to not think about it very much because he believes he doesn't have the skills to get another good job. Based on how he handles this stressor, Harley seems to possess a __________ personality.

Accepted Answer

Harley is avoiding thinking about the stressor and feels helpless, which aligns with a disease-prone personality that tends to experience more stress and health issues.

Question 13

Greg and Peter were talking about their brother Bobby. "I don't see how he does it," states Peter. "If I were in his situation, I'd be so stressed that I would make myself sick! And Bobby seems to be just fine!" Greg responds, "Well, Peter, I believe that Bobby has a disease-resistant personality, which means he possesses

Accepted Answer

Bobby's ability to remain unstressed suggests he has dispositional optimism and social dependability, traits associated with a disease-resistant personality.

Question 14

A person with a disease-resistant personality is one who

Accepted Answer

A disease-resistant personality is one who is able to handle stress effectively. This includes having a positive outlook and coping mechanisms, which can help boost the immune system and reduce the risk of disease. Other traits that may contribute to a disease-resistant personality include optimism, conscientiousness, social support, and a sense of purpose. Being angry and resentful (choice A) or having an external locus of control (choice C) are not necessarily associated with disease resistance. Being high on all big five characteristics (choice D) may be beneficial, but it is not essential for having a disease-resistant personality.

Question 15

Raina's trailer home was recently destroyed by a tornado. The activity of Raina's natural killer cells is most likely __________ it was prior to the disaster.

Accepted Answer

Stressful events, such as the destruction of a home, can lead to a decrease in the activity of natural killer cells due to the impact of stress on the immune system.

Question 16

Which type of leukocyte is particularly important for fighting tumor cells in the body?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte that play a crucial role in the body's defense against tumors by directly attacking and destroying cancerous cells.

Question 17

The field of psychoneuroimmunology traces its roots back to the research on bacteria and stress conducted by

Accepted Answer

The answer of The field of psychoneuroimmunology traces its roots...

Question 18

Keren's doctor tells her that she has high-sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM)reactivity. This, says her doctor, is a sign of stress. The doctor probably concluded this on the basis of Keren's __________ level in her blood.

Accepted Answer

High-sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) reactivity is associated with increased levels of catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are released in response to stress.

Question 19

Mark and Lisa are a couple in the middle of a heated argument. Research on gender differences in stress responses suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research on gender differences in stress responses suggests that men are more likely than women to display intense emotional and behavioral responses during an argument or other stressful situation. This could include yelling, throwing objects, or even physical aggression. However, it is important to note that not all men will respond in this way, and not all women will respond by withdrawing or seeking social support. Gender differences in stress responses are influenced by a variety of factors, including individual differences in personality, past experiences, and cultural expectations.

Question 20

Dr. Vinson is interested in examining the interaction of psychological and physiological processes that affect the body's ability to defend itself against diseases. Her field is called

Accepted Answer

Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of the interaction between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system.

Quiz 10: Health, Stress, and Coping