Question 1

Research on psychotherapy's effectiveness suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research shows that different therapies may work better for different individuals, but it is not clear how to match therapies to patients. It is important for therapists to consider individual needs and preferences when choosing a therapy approach. Additionally, some studies have shown certain therapies, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, to be generally effective, but no single approach is universally effective for all individuals.

Question 2

John is a professional psychotherapist, and he is working with Tommy to help with some anxiety issues. During the therapy, both of the men begin to develop a romantic attraction to each other, and share that they would like to go on a date. According to the APA Ethical Principles , they would not be allowed to begin dating until at least _____ after treatment has ended to prevent any harm to Tommy.

Accepted Answer

According to the APA Ethical Principles, psychologists should not engage in a sexual relationship with a former client for at least two years after the cessation of therapy to prevent potential harm and exploitation.

Question 3

In a controlled experiment, a new treatment for test anxiety has shown to be effective in reducing treated clients' scores on an anxiety test. However, these clients report that they do not notice a difference in their anxiety after treatment. The change is probably

Accepted Answer

Clinical significance refers to whether the observed effects of a treatment are meaningful or important to the patient. If clients report that they do not notice a difference in their anxiety after treatment, then the treatment may not be clinically significant, even if statistically significant results were obtained in the controlled experiment.

Question 4

The American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct provides that a therapist and client may

Accepted Answer

The American Psychological Association's Ethical Principles and Code of Conduct strictly prohibits therapists from becoming sexually involved with their clients during treatment and for at least two years after the termination of treatment to ensure ethical boundaries and protect the client's well-being.

Question 5

Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)is typically used for the treatment of ________ that has not responded to other treatment approaches.

Accepted Answer

ECT is primarily used for severe depression, especially when other treatments have failed.

Question 6

Shawntrice has a mental disorder and wants to see a therapist. She wants to make sure to choose the best type of therapy for the most effective treatment. What type of therapy should she choose?

Accepted Answer

Different types of therapy can be effective for different individuals and conditions. There is no single therapy that is universally the best for all mental disorders. The effectiveness often depends on the specific disorder, the individual's needs, and the therapeutic relationship.

Question 7

Shawn is trying to decide what therapist and treatment approach will work best for him. He asks his friend, Gus, who suggests he should consider all of the following except

Accepted Answer

While assertiveness training can be a useful tool for some clients, it is not a necessary or essential factor when considering a therapist or treatment approach. The other options listed (comfort level with treatment approach, therapist's track record, and productive relationship with therapist) are all important considerations when selecting a therapist.

Question 8

William, Ellen, Marie, and Paul are all depressed and see different therapists with different orientations. William sees a behavioral therapist; Ellen, a psychoanalytic therapist; Marie, a cognitive behavior therapist; and Paul, a humanistic therapist. Based on the current evidence on outcomes of psychotherapeutic approaches, who is most likely to improve in therapy?

Accepted Answer

Current evidence suggests that there are no major and consistent differences in superiority of any approach for treating major depressive disorder. Therefore, it is uncertain who is most likely to improve in therapy.

Question 9

In order to allow therapy clients to feel comfortable sharing personal or embarrassing information about themselves, their therapist must remember that

Accepted Answer

Maintaining confidentiality is crucial in therapy to create a safe environment where clients feel secure in sharing personal information.

Question 10

When medication and talking psychotherapy proved to be ineffective in treating Cameron's depression, doctors chose to use another approach. Cameron most likely

Accepted Answer

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is often used when other treatments for severe depression, such as medication and psychotherapy, are ineffective. It involves passing an electrical current through the brain to induce convulsions.

Question 11

While it is unrealistic to expect all therapists to be equally effective with clients of all sociocultural backgrounds, diversity training can be an effective way to increase a therapist's

Accepted Answer

The term used in the statement "sociocultural backgrounds" indicates a need for therapists to possess cultural competency in order to work effectively with clients from diverse backgrounds. Therefore, choice D - cultural competence - is the correct answer.

Question 12

Three people are in therapy. Groucho is depressed and suicidal, and his medication does not appear to be working. Chico believes that he is Tinker Bell and makes other clients clap to rejuvenate himself. Harpo can remain motionless for hours and experience periods of wild uncontrollable activity. Who would benefit most from electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Accepted Answer

ECT is often used for severe depression, especially when other treatments like medication are not effective, making Groucho the most likely candidate to benefit from ECT.

Question 13

A professional therapist is obligated to violate the confidentiality of their client in all but which of the following circumstances?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A professional therapist is obligated to violate...

Question 14

In the mid-1900s, noted theorist ________ claimed that those who received psychotherapy were actually less likely to improve than those who did not receive therapy.

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck was a psychologist who, in the mid-20th century, controversially claimed that people who received psychotherapy were less likely to improve compared to those who did not receive therapy.

Question 15

Techniques such as deep brain stimulation (DBS)and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)have been developed as a safer means than __________ at inducing seizures or treating severe depression.

Accepted Answer

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are considered safer alternatives to electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT) for inducing seizures or treating severe depression. ECT is known for its effectiveness but also for its potential side effects and risks, which these newer techniques aim to minimize.

Question 16

The basic assumption underlying biological therapies is that

Accepted Answer

The basic assumption underlying biological therapies is that psychological problems can have physical causes. Biological therapies focus on treating psychological disorders by altering brain functioning and neurotransmitter levels through medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other physical interventions. This approach assumes that mental disorders are caused, at least in part, by imbalances in brain chemistry, genetics, or other physiological factors.

Question 17

Which of the following best summarizes the research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that while different types of psychotherapy may be more effective for specific issues, there are no significant differences in the overall effectiveness of behavior therapy, humanistic therapy, and psychoanalytic therapy when it comes to general outcomes. This is often referred to as the "Dodo bird verdict" in psychotherapy research.

Question 18

Dr. Schwinn, a clinical psychologist, wants to know if behavior desensitization therapy is an effective treatment for a variety of specific phobias. Moreover, she wants to know scientifically that the benefits of the therapy are the result of the treatment itself, rather than the client's own motivations or merely the passage of time. Based on this knowledge, Dr. Schwinn must be an advocate of

Accepted Answer

Dr. Schwinn's desire for scientific evidence of effectiveness and causality indicates a focus on evidence-based practices, which involve using empirically-supported treatments and assessing treatment outcomes through systematic research.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the cultural influences on the choice of psychotherapy is true?

Accepted Answer

Cultural-sensitivity training equips therapists to understand and respect clients' cultural backgrounds, allowing them to set goals that align with the clients' cultural views, which can enhance therapeutic outcomes.

Question 20

Jim and Pam have been married for four years and have been experiencing troubles for at least a few years. They decide to go to couples therapy to work through their issues. During therapy, they are asked to work together in establishing rules for talking. These rules may include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

In couples therapy, the focus is often on improving communication and understanding, rather than pointing out discrepancies in a partner's words and actions, which can lead to defensiveness and conflict.

Quiz 13: Treatment of Psychological Disorders