Question 1

Research shows high susceptibility to health problems when excess body fat is distributed around the ________.

Accepted Answer

Excess body fat distributed around the abdomen (also known as visceral fat) has been linked to a higher risk of health problems, such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and stroke. This is because visceral fat is located around vital organs and can disrupt their normal functioning. Fat around the neck or arms/shoulders may be unsightly, but it does not carry the same health risk as abdominal fat. Hips and thighs tend to accumulate subcutaneous fat (under the skin), which is not as dangerous as visceral fat. Excess body fat in the lower legs and feet is not typically associated with health problems.

Question 2

A graph showing the relationship between mortality and body mass index is shaped like the a/n ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A graph showing the relationship between mortality...

Question 3

Which of the following is a metabolic consequence of obesity that precedes type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Insulin resistance is a well-established metabolic consequence of obesity that often precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. This means that the body requires higher levels of insulin to keep blood glucose levels in check, and as a result, the pancreas may eventually become overworked and unable to maintain adequate insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels and diabetes.

Question 4

To assess body composition and central obesity, health-care professionals most often use BMI and

Accepted Answer

Waist circumference is a commonly used measure for assessing central obesity, which is a major risk factor for chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease. BMI is also often used to assess body composition, but it may not provide a complete picture as it does not differentiate between muscle and fat mass. Age and height may be used in calculating BMI, but they are not used as stand-alone measures for assessing body composition or central obesity. Essential body fat refers to the minimum amount of fat necessary for basic physical health and is not a commonly used measure for assessing body composition or central obesity. Hydrodensitometry, a method of underwater weighing, is a gold standard for assessing body fat percentage but is less commonly used in clinical settings. Adaptive thermogenesis efficiency refers to the body's ability to adjust its energy expenditure based on fluctuations in calorie intake and activity levels and is not a direct measure of body composition or central obesity.

Question 5

In general, woman with a waist circumference greater than ________ inches and men with a waist circumference of greater than ________ inches have a high risk of central-obesity-related health problems.

Accepted Answer

For women, a waist circumference of more than 35 inches, and for men, more than 40 inches, is considered indicative of high risk for central obesity-related health problems. This measurement is a simple and commonly used indicator to assess abdominal fat and associated health risks.

Question 6

Which of the following is a health result of losing excess body weight?

Accepted Answer

Losing excess body weight can lower blood pressure, which is a positive health result. Atherosclerosis, lower HDL cholesterol, and increased insulin resistance are negative health results associated with excess body weight. While the number of immune cells in adipose tissue may increase with weight loss, it is not necessarily a direct health result.

Question 7

What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 5 ft 5 in. and 215 lb?

Accepted Answer

The BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. First, convert height and weight to metric: 5 ft 5 in is approximately 1.65 meters (5*0.3048 + 5*0.0254), and 215 lb is approximately 97.5 kg (215*0.453592). Then, BMI = 97.5 / (1.65)^2 ≈ 35.8, which rounds to 36.

Question 8

Which method to assess body fat weighs a person on land and then again while submerged in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrodensitometry, also known as underwater weighing, is the method that weighs a person on land and then again while submerged in water to assess body fat. This is because lean tissue (muscle, bone, organs) is denser than water and fat tissue is less dense than water, so the difference in weight between the two measurements is used to calculate body density and ultimately body fat percentage.

Question 9

Which person would need more body fat than the others?

Accepted Answer

A pregnant woman needs more body fat to support the growth and development of the baby.

Question 10

What is the range of body fat content for normal-weight women 20-39 years of age?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the range of body fat...

Question 11

Fat that accumulates outside of adipose tissue is called "________."

Accepted Answer

Fat that accumulates outside of adipose tissue is called ectopic fat. Visceral fat refers specifically to fat that accumulates in the abdominal cavity, while subcutaneous fat accumulates under the skin. Waist fat is a general term that typically refers to abdominal fat. Dual fat is not a recognized term in relation to fat accumulation.

Question 12

What term refers to the combination of risk factors-elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, and abdominal obesity-that greatly increase a person's risk of developing heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of risk factors that include elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, and abdominal obesity. It greatly increases a person's risk of developing heart disease.

Question 13

Research shows that ________ of women have suffered from anorexia nervosa at some point in their lives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research shows that ________ of women have...

Question 14

Obesity is second only to _________ in causing premature deaths.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, tobacco is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide, but obesity is the second leading cause.

Question 15

Which term refers to fat stored within the abdominal cavity in association with the internal abdominal organs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral fat is the fat that accumulates around the internal organs in the abdominal cavity. Subcutaneous fat is stored just beneath the skin, while waist fat refers to the fat that is stored specifically around the waistline. Dual fat and ectopic fat are not terms commonly used to describe fat storage in the body.

Question 16

Research shows that excess body fat distributed primarily around the abdomen ________.

Accepted Answer

Excess body fat distributed primarily around the abdomen is associated with increased mortality for both sexes.

Question 17

Which statement accurately describes fat distribution?

Accepted Answer

Body fat around the hips and thighs is most common in women during their reproductive years.

Question 18

Research shows less susceptibility to health problems when excess body fat is distributed around the ________.

Accepted Answer

Excess body fat distributed around hips and thighs is known as pear-shaped body and is linked with lower risks of health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke compared to excess fat around the stomach, which is known as apple-shaped body.

Question 19

Which method to assess body fat involves a chamber of computerized sensors, which is commonly called the "bod pod"?

Accepted Answer

The method that involves a chamber of computerized sensors is air-displacement plethysmography, commonly called the "bod pod."

Question 20

Why are overweight or obese women at higher risk for cancer of the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Excess body fat produces more estrogen, which may promote the development of cancer. Estrogen plays a role in the development of certain cancers of the female reproductive system, such as breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Women who are overweight or obese have higher levels of estrogen because fat cells produce estrogen. This higher level of estrogen can increase the risk of developing these cancers.

Quiz 8: Energy Balance and Body Composition