Question 1

The "cult of domesticity" was everything EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Assembly-line production originated with

Accepted Answer

Henry Ford is credited with the development of the modern assembly line in the early 20th century, which revolutionized mass production and made cars affordable for the average person. Emil Jellinek, Gottfried Daimler, Karl Benz, and Armand Peugeot were important figures in the development of the automobile industry, but they did not originate assembly-line production.

Question 3

After 1870, the working class changed because

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed are true. Artisans and skilled laborers saw their economic status decline as mass production and factory work became more prevalent. Peasants were forced to become urban workers due to agricultural consolidation and technological advances, such as the use of tractors. While women and children had previously been a major part of the working class, laws and labor agreements eventually limited their participation. Workers' purchasing power did increase due to lower prices, but this was not the only factor that changed the working class after 1870.

Question 4

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the values of which of the following served as the model for society?

Accepted Answer

The second half of the nineteenth century saw the rise of the middle class as a model for society, particularly in Western Europe and the United States. Middle-class values such as hard work, thrift, and social respectability became widely embraced and sought after. This was due in large part to the growth of industrialization and the expansion of the economy, which created new opportunities for upward mobility and increased social mobility. As a result, the middle class became a powerful force in society, shaping everything from politics to culture.

Question 5

In the late nineteenth century, the term Taylorizing meant

Accepted Answer

Taylorizing refers to the scientific management of businesses, a system developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor. The system aimed to increase efficiency and productivity in the workplace by using standardized procedures and analyzing every aspect of a task to find the most efficient way to complete it. This idea became popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and led to significant changes in the organization of work.

Question 6

According to the text, how long did it take for Europe to lay a foundation of cheap labor, plentiful agricultural commodities, and relatively inexpensive transportation and communication systems?

Accepted Answer

The text states, "It took nearly a century up to 1850 for Europe to lay a foundation of cheap labor, plentiful agricultural commodities, and relatively inexpensive transportation and communication systems." Option C matches this information.

Question 7

The "captains of industry" did NOT succeed in gaining which of the following by 1900?

Accepted Answer

The "captains of industry" did not succeed in gaining control of the highest echelons of the military. While they had significant political influence, they did not extend their control to the military.

Question 8

The term  second industrial revolution refers to rapid social and political changes that took place beginning in

Accepted Answer

The second industrial revolution is generally recognized to have begun in the 1870s and continued through the early 20th century. It was characterized by technological advancements such as the widespread adoption of electricity and the internal combustion engine, as well as the growth of industries such as steel, chemicals, and petroleum. These changes led to significant social and political shifts, including urbanization, the emergence of new forms of work and employment, and the growth of labor unions and other social movements.

Question 9

As suffrage was extended to working class males

Accepted Answer

As suffrage was extended to working-class males, various outcomes were observed across different regions and political ideologies. In Europe, the working classes began to organize their own political parties to represent their interests directly. In the United States, the working classes tended to support already existing political parties rather than forming new ones. Mainstream Marxist parties continued to adhere to the goal of achieving a socialist revolution through class struggle and revolution. Meanwhile, revisionist Marxist parties, influenced by figures like Eduard Bernstein, argued that socialism could be achieved gradually through democratic means, such as elections and legislative reform, rather than through violent revolution. This reflects a broad spectrum of responses within the working class and socialist movements to the expansion of suffrage.

Question 10

Which of the following does the text identify as the early champion of "scientific management" and teaching management in schools of business?

Accepted Answer

The United States is identified as the early champion of "scientific management" and the pioneer in teaching management in schools of business. This approach emphasized efficiency and productivity, and American institutions were among the first to systematically study and teach these principles.

Question 11

According to the text, what was unusual about the Czechs and the Basques?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the Czechs and the Basques were two ethnic minorities whose national consciousness actually rose because of industrialization, which was unusual compared to other ethnic groups that had their consciousness undermined by urbanization or assimilation in newly unified states.

Question 12

Which generalization about urbanization in the late nineteenth century is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

The statement that "urban populations yearned for the idyllic lifestyle of the countryside" is not accurate. In fact, many people moved to cities in search of greater economic opportunities and a better standard of living, rather than out of a desire for rural life.

Question 13

Following its invention in 1876, the telephone

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following its invention in 1876, the telephone
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Question 14

The first phase of the second industrial revolution did NOT include

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first phase of the second industrial...

Question 15

In 1850, most people were

Accepted Answer

In 1850, the majority of the population in the United States were engaged in agriculture, either as farmers or laborers on farms. While there were some textile workers and factory workers, these industries were not yet as widespread as agriculture. Servants and miners were also present in the United States at this time, but they were not as common as farmers.

Question 16

Which of the following did governments use to expand their authority and control their citizens during the later nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

During the later nineteenth century, governments used various methods to expand their authority and control their citizens. Military conscription was used to create a larger army and maintain order within the country. Public education was used to promote national values and create an educated and obedient citizenry. Broad taxation was used to raise revenue for the government and establish economic control over citizens. Nationalism was used to create a sense of loyalty and identity among citizens, which could be harnessed by the government for its own purposes. Therefore, all of the above choices were used by governments to expand their authority and control their citizens during this time period.

Question 17

The fusion of the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions by 1900 is exemplified by

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed exemplify the fusion of the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions. The increasing use of electricity and petroleum as opposed to steam represents advancements in technology and energy. The development and wide use of synthetic materials reflect the application of scientific knowledge to industry. The development of the internal combustion and diesel engines represents innovations in transportation and energy. Finally, the revolution in medicine, including the development of anesthetics and antiseptics, reflects the merging of scientific and medical knowledge with industrial production.

Question 18

The industrial giants that appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century

Accepted Answer

All of the above statements are true. Industrial giants of the late nineteenth century typically consisted of board members, managers, and financiers who worked with banks to finance their businesses, while maintaining large, mechanized factories with unskilled labor. These giants also invested in or applied scientific advancements to further their enterprises.

Question 19

Between 1850 and World War I

Accepted Answer

During this period, there was a rise in standard of living for workers due to government and trade union actions and a general rise in productivity. Technology also played a role in this, but it was not solely responsible for the improvement in workers' lives. Additionally, while there was still significant exploitation of workers, public sympathy for their plight did grow during this time period. The monotony and danger of industrial jobs also declined thanks to the application of new technologies. However, choice B is the most accurate overall.

Question 20

Which megalopolis was home to five million people by 1880 and seven million by 1914?

Accepted Answer

London was the megalopolis that reached a population of five million by 1880 and continued to grow to seven million by 1914, reflecting its status as a major global city and the capital of the British Empire during this period.

Quiz 25: The Industrial West Responses to Modernization