Question 1

What is expected to happen to malaria-carrying mosquitoes in the coming century?

Accepted Answer

Climate change is expected to create warmer conditions in northern areas, allowing malaria-carrying mosquitoes to expand their range into these regions.

Question 2

Which of the following is a type of chemical hazard?

Accepted Answer

Pollution is a type of chemical hazard as it involves the presence of harmful substances in the environment.

Question 3

Ecological medicine is a relatively new field of study devoted to ____.

Accepted Answer

Ecological medicine focuses on understanding the complex interactions between humans, animals, and the environment, particularly with regards to disease transmission. Choice A is an aspect of ecological medicine, but not the main focus. Choice B is a separate field of study, veterinary medicine. Choice D and E are not directly related to ecological medicine.

Question 4

Why has the percentage of deaths due to infectious diseases dropped from 1970 to 2010?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why has the percentage of deaths due...

Question 5

In addition to overuse of antibiotics for colds and flu, what else has caused bacterial resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

The use of antibiotics to control disease and promote growth in animals raised for meat has been a major factor in the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. This practice is common in the livestock industry and contributes significantly to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens in both animals and humans. The other options listed are not directly related to the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

Question 6

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogen mimic used in the production of ____ products.

Accepted Answer

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the production of plastic products such as water bottles, food containers, and other consumer products.

Question 7

What is the name for the scientific process used to estimate the potential harm of a particular hazard using statistical methods?

Accepted Answer

Risk assessment is the scientific process used to estimate the potential harm of a particular hazard using statistical methods. Probability refers to the likelihood of an event occurring, but does not necessarily involve the estimation of potential harm. Lifecycle cost-pricing refers to the calculation of the total cost of a product or service over its entire lifespan. Mitigation refers to taking action to reduce the harmful effects of a hazard, but does not involve the estimation of potential harm. Prevention refers to taking action to prevent the occurrence of a hazard, but does not involve the estimation of potential harm.

Question 8

Manufacturers have started using BPS as a replacement for BPA due to concerns about the health effects of BPA. BPS appears to ____.

Accepted Answer

BPS, like BPA, has raised concerns due to its similar structure and potential for similar health effects. Research has indicated that BPS may not be a safer alternative to BPA, as it can exhibit similar endocrine-disrupting properties.

Question 9

Why have pesticide producers failed to produce new mosquito-killing insecticides in recent years?

Accepted Answer

Developing and marketing a new pesticide can be very expensive, and the potential sales in the United States may not be enough to offset the costs. Additionally, regulations and testing requirements for new pesticides have become increasingly strict, further driving up costs and creating a regulatory barrier to entry for new products. As a result, pesticide producers may be hesitant to invest in the development of new mosquito-killing insecticides, especially as existing insecticides continue to be effective in many areas.

Question 10

Biological hazards are those specifically caused by ____.

Accepted Answer

Biological hazards are caused by living organisms such as pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Question 11

Some researchers estimate that one out of every five people infected with ____ is not aware of the infection.

Accepted Answer

HIV is known to have a high rate of asymptomatic infection, meaning many people infected with the virus may not exhibit any symptoms and therefore may not be aware that they are infected. Some studies estimate that up to 20% of people living with HIV are unaware of their status.

Question 12

Malaria is caused by____ that is carried by mosquitoes.

Accepted Answer

Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium that is carried by infected mosquitoes.

Question 13

Why is it a concern that antibacterial hand soaps have become so popular?

Accepted Answer

Antibacterial hand soaps may promote the development of resistant bacteria, which could lead to the continued spread of antibacterial-resistant infections. Additionally, they do not appear to be more effective than other soaps in preventing illness, making their widespread use unnecessary.

Question 14

What do we call the probability of suffering harm from a hazard?

Accepted Answer

The probability of suffering harm from a hazard is known as risk. Risk refers to the likelihood of an adverse event or outcome occurring and is often calculated as the product of the probability of the event and the severity of its consequences.

Question 15

Approximately 2.6 billion people do not have sanitary toilet facilities. Partly as a result of this, more than one billion people have their drinking water polluted by ____.

Accepted Answer

Lack of sanitary toilet facilities often leads to open defecation, which contaminates the surrounding environment and water sources with feces. This can lead to the spread of diseases such as cholera and typhoid, making it unsafe for people to drink the water. Therefore, feces is the most likely source of pollution for drinking water in areas where there is a lack of proper sanitation facilities.

Question 16

What is the leading cause of death worldwide for people ages 15-49?

Accepted Answer

AIDS is the leading cause of death worldwide for people ages 15-49. According to the UN, approximately 1.1 million people in this age group died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2018.

Question 17

A deadly, multidrug resistant form of ____ has been spreading and is difficult to treat. Because of the high risk of this illness, those affected must be quarantined and treated with care by healthcare workers.

Accepted Answer

The reference to a deadly, multidrug resistant form indicates that the illness in question is likely a bacterial infection, not a viral one. Additionally, the need for quarantine and special care by healthcare workers suggests that the illness is highly contagious and potentially very dangerous. While tuberculosis can be treated with antibiotics, multidrug resistance can make it difficult to treat and require special precautions to prevent the spread of the disease.

Question 18

To help prevent worsening of risks from infectious diseases, it is important to reduce the use of _____.

Accepted Answer

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics is a major contributor to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can make infections much harder to treat and control. By reducing the use of antibiotics, we can help prevent the worsening of risks from infectious diseases.

Question 19

A ____ disease, such as asthma, is not caused directly by a living organism and does not spread from one person to another.

Accepted Answer

Nontransmissible diseases, also known as chronic diseases, are not caused by living organisms and cannot be spread from person to person. Examples include heart disease, diabetes, and asthma.

Question 20

The majority of cases of malaria (90%) occur ____.

Accepted Answer

According to the World Health Organization, 90% of malaria cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa.

Quiz 14: Environmental Hazards and Human Health