Question 1

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-°C      latent heat of fusion of water = 334,000 J/kg
     specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-°C
After the 1 kg block of ice melts, the amount of heat required to raise its temperature to 10 °C is

Accepted Answer

The answer of specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000...

Question 2

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-°C      latent heat of fusion of water = 334,000 J/kg
     specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-°C
As the ice is melting, the temperature of the ice-water mixture rises by

Accepted Answer

During the melting process, the temperature of the ice-water mixture remains constant at 0°C until all the ice has melted.

Question 3

The specific heat capacity of water is about twice the specific heat capacity of ice. From this information, the amount of heat required to boil 1 kg of water is ________ the amount of heat required to melt 1 kg of ice.

Accepted Answer

The specific heat capacity of a substance affects how much heat is required to change its temperature, but the amount of heat required to change the state (e.g., melting ice or boiling water) depends on the latent heat of fusion or vaporization, not the specific heat capacity.

Question 4

Why do bridges have expansion joints?

Accepted Answer

Bridges are built to endure different weather conditions and structural movement, such as expansion or contraction due to temperature changes. Without expansion joints, the structure would not be able to move freely or absorb these movements, leading to buckling, cracking or failure.

Question 5

Natural processes tend to increase the __________ of thermodynamic systems.

Accepted Answer

The increase in entropy is a characteristic of natural processes, where energy tends to spread out and become more disordered. This increase in entropy is also known as the second law of thermodynamics. Therefore, the correct answer is D, entropy.

Question 6

The coefficient of linear expansion of ordinary glass is three times that of Pyrex glass. An ordinary glass rod and a Pyrex glass rod of equal lengths at room temperature are dropped into boiling water. The change in length of the ordinary glass rod will be ___________ the change in length of the Pyrex glass rod.

Accepted Answer

The change in length of a material is proportional to its coefficient of linear expansion and the change in temperature. Since both rods are of equal lengths, they experience the same change in temperature. Therefore, the change in length of the ordinary glass rod will be three times that of the Pyrex glass rod, as its coefficient of linear expansion is three times larger than that of Pyrex glass.

Question 7

The temperature of a gas can be increased by

Accepted Answer

The temperature of a gas can be increased by compressing it (which increases its internal energy due to work done on the gas), adding heat to it (which directly increases its internal energy), and doing work on it in other ways (like stirring), all of which increase the kinetic energy of the molecules, thereby increasing the temperature.

Question 8

The change in size of an object due to thermal expansion depends upon

Accepted Answer

The change in size of an object due to thermal expansion is influenced by the material of the object (which determines its coefficient of thermal expansion), the object's original size (since the change is proportional to the original dimensions), and the amount of temperature change (as the expansion is directly proportional to the change in temperature).

Question 9

What's wrong with the statement "heat rises?"

Accepted Answer

The statement "heat rises" is not entirely accurate as it is more specifically the heated air (or other fluid) that rises. Heat is a form of energy and does not have the physical property of rising. Therefore, it is more accurate to say "heated air (or other fluid) rises" or simply "hot air rises."

Question 10

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-°C      latent heat of fusion of water = 334,000 J/kg
     specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-°C
The 1 kg block of ice melts into water. The amount of heat absorbed by the ice as it melts is

Accepted Answer

When ice melts into water, it undergoes a change in phase from solid to liquid, which requires energy in the form of heat. The amount of heat required to melt the ice can be calculated using the formula:

Q = mL

where Q is the heat absorbed by the ice, m is the mass of the ice (1 kg in this case), and L is the latent heat of fusion of water (334,000 J/kg).

Thus, plugging in the values, we get:

Q = 1 kg x 334,000 J/kg = 334,000 J

Therefore, the amount of heat absorbed by the ice as it melts is 334,000 J, which is option E.

Question 11

A hot pizza contains

Accepted Answer

The hot pizza contains internal energy, which is the total kinetic and potential energy of the molecules within the pizza. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another, so while the pizza may have received heat to become hot, it does not contain heat itself. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within an object, but it is not a physical component of the object itself. Work is the transfer of energy through the application of a force, so this also does not apply to the pizza.

Question 12

When ice melts, its temperature

Accepted Answer

When ice melts, it undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid. During this process, the temperature remains constant as the energy is used to break the intermolecular bonds between the water molecules rather than to increase the kinetic energy of the molecules, which would result in a temperature increase. This constant temperature is known as the melting point of water, which is 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.

Question 13

When droplets of condensation form on the outside of a glass of ice water, it must be that in the air right next to the glass

Accepted Answer

When droplets of condensation form on the outside of a glass of ice water, it is because the temperature of the glass is below the dew point of the surrounding air. This means that the air next to the glass is near saturation, with a very high relative humidity, making all options A, B, and C true. Therefore, the correct answer is D, all of the above.

Question 14

The specific heat capacity of copper is three times the specific heat capacity of lead. Equal masses of copper and lead are heated from room temperature to the temperature of boiling water. To achieve this, the amount of heat added to the copper is ___________ the amount of heat added to the lead.

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance is directly proportional to its specific heat capacity. Since copper's specific heat capacity is three times that of lead, the heat required to raise an equal mass of copper to the same temperature increase is three times the heat required for lead.

Question 15

The total kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms and molecules of a substance is its

Accepted Answer

The total kinetic and potential energies of all the atoms and molecules in a substance is its internal energy. Heat is the transfer of energy from one body to another due to a temperature difference, and temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. Thermodynamics is the study of the relationships between heat, work, and energy.

Question 16

The latent heat of vaporization of water is roughly 10 times the latent heat of fusion of water. The amount of heat required to boil away 1 kg of water is __________ the amount of heat required to melt 1 kg of ice.

Accepted Answer

Since the latent heat of vaporization of water is roughly 10 times the latent heat of fusion of water, it takes 10 times more heat to boil away 1 kg of water than to melt 1 kg of ice. Therefore, the answer is (C) 10 times.

Question 17

Which mechanism(s) of heat transfer will work in a vacuum?

Accepted Answer

Radiation is the only mechanism of heat transfer that works in a vacuum as it does not require a medium to transfer heat. Conduction and convection both require a medium such as solids or fluids to transfer heat.

Question 18

When water boils, its temperature

Accepted Answer

When water boils, its temperature stays constant, reaching 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit) at sea level. Any energy added to the system is used to convert the liquid water into steam, rather than increasing the temperature.

Question 19

The Eiffel tower in Paris is made primarily of iron, whose coefficient of linear expansion is about 10 × 10 ⁻ ⁶/°C. On a cold day when the temperature is -10°C the Eiffel tower is 300 meters tall. Its height on a hot day when the temperature is 40°C is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Eiffel tower in Paris is made...

Question 20

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-°C      latent heat of fusion of water = 334,000 J/kg
     specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-°C
A 1 kg block of ice is removed from a freezer where its temperature was -10°C. The amount of heat absorbed by the ice as it warms to 0°C is

Accepted Answer

The amount of heat absorbed by the ice as it warms from -10°C to 0°C can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of ice:

Q1 = m * c * ΔT1 
Q1 = 1 kg * 2,000 J/kg-°C * (0°C - (-10°C)) 
Q1 = 20,000 J

Next, the amount of heat absorbed by the ice as it melts into water at 0°C can be calculated using the latent heat of fusion of water:

Q2 = m * Lf 
Q2 = 1 kg * 334,000 J/kg 
Q2 = 334,000 J

Finally, the amount of heat absorbed by the water as it warms from 0°C to its final temperature can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of water:

Q3 = m * c * ΔT2 
Q3 = 1 kg * 4,000 J/kg-°C * (Tf - 0°C)

Since the final temperature is not given, we can assume it stays at 0°C. Therefore, ΔT2 = 0°C, and Q3 = 0 J.

The total amount of heat absorbed by the ice can be found by adding the three calculated values:

Qtotal = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 20,000 J + 334,000 J + 0 J = 354,000 J

Therefore, the correct answer is C) 354,000 J.

Quiz 5: Temperature and Heat

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-°C latent heat of fusion of water = 334,000 J/kg specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-°C After the 1 kg block of ice melts, the amount of heat required to raise its temperature to 10 °C is

specific heat capacity of ice = 2,000 J/kg-°C latent heat of fusion of water = 334,000 J/kg specific heat capacity of water = 4,000 J/kg-°C As the ice is melting, the temperature of the ice-water mixture rises by