Question 1

The industrial giants that appeared in the second half of the nineteenth century

Accepted Answer

The industrial giants of the late 19th century were characterized by all of the above factors. They were often run by boards of directors, professional managers, and financiers who were allied with banks. These companies operated massive factories spread across vast empires. They employed large numbers of low-paid, unskilled laborers. And they also financed and utilized scientific advances to improve their operations and increase profits.

Question 2

Following its invention in 1876, the telephone

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

In 1850, most people were

Accepted Answer

In 1850, the majority of the population in the United States lived in rural areas and worked as farmers. Although there were factories and textile mills, they were still outnumbered by farm laborers.

Question 4

Assembly-line production originated with

Accepted Answer

The concept of assembly-line production is credited to Henry Ford, who revolutionized the automobile industry in the early 1900s with his mass production techniques.

Question 5

The first phase of the second industrial revolution did NOT include

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first phase of the second industrial...

Question 6

Which generalization about urbanization in the late nineteenth century is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

This generalization is not accurate because the urban populations of the late nineteenth century did not yearn for the idyllic lifestyle of the countryside. In fact, many people moved to cities to seek better economic opportunities, and the growth of industrialization made rural life less appealing.

Question 7

The fusion of the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions by 1900 is exemplified by

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed contributed to the fusion of the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions. The increasing use of electricity and petroleum allowed for more efficient and widespread industrial production. The development and use of synthetic materials allowed for new products and industries, such as the creation of plastics. The development of internal combustion and diesel engines allowed for the invention of new modes of transportation, such as cars and trains. The revolution in medicine, especially the use of anesthetics and antiseptics, allowed for safer and more effective surgical procedures.

Question 8

According to the text, how long did it take for Europe to lay a foundation of cheap labor, plentiful agricultural commodities, and relatively inexpensive transportation and communication systems?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "it took almost one hundred years up to 1850 for Europe to lay a foundation of cheap labor, plentiful agricultural commodities, and relatively inexpensive transportation and communication systems." None of the other answer choices match this time frame.

Question 9

Which of the following does the text identify as the early champion of "scientific management" and teaching management in schools of business?

Accepted Answer

The text identifies the United States as the early champion of "scientific management" and teaching management in schools of business, as exemplified by the work of Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Question 10

The term  second industrial revolution refers to rapid social and political changes that took place beginning in

Accepted Answer

The second industrial revolution refers to the period of rapid industrial growth and technological advancements that occurred between the 1870s and the early 20th century. This period was characterized by the widespread use of steel, the development of the electrical power industry, increased use of machinery in manufacturing, and improvements in transportation and communication networks.

Question 11

According to the text, what was unusual about the Czechs and the Basques?

Accepted Answer

The text states that the Czechs and Basques were two ethnic minorities whose national consciousness actually rose because of industrialization, which was unusual compared to other ethnic groups whose national consciousness declined due to urbanization and assimilation in newly unified states.

Question 12

Between 1850 and World War I

Accepted Answer

During the period between 1850 and World War I, workers experienced a rise in their standard of living due to various factors such as government and trade union actions, and a general rise in productivity. Technology also played a role in increasing productivity, which led to higher wages and improved working conditions for many workers. However, there was still a significant amount of exploitation and poor working conditions for many workers, and it was not until later in the 20th century that improvements were made in these areas. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 13

In the late nineteenth century, the term Taylorizing meant

Accepted Answer

The term Taylorizing referred to the principles of scientific management developed by Frederick Taylor. It aimed to optimize efficiency and productivity by controlling and standardizing every aspect of business operations, from worker movements to task procedures.

Question 14

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the values of which of the following served as the model for society?

Accepted Answer

During the second half of the nineteenth century, there was a rise of the middle class due to the industrial revolution and urbanization. Middle-class values such as hard work, education, and respectability became the model for society.

Question 15

Which megalopolis was home to five million people by 1880 and seven million by 1914?

Accepted Answer

London was the megalopolis that reached a population of five million by 1880 and continued to grow to seven million by 1914, reflecting its status as a major global city and the capital of the British Empire during this period.

Question 16

As suffrage was extended to working class males

Accepted Answer

As suffrage was extended to working-class males, various outcomes were observed across different regions and political ideologies. In Europe, the working classes began to organize their own political parties to represent their interests directly. In the United States, the working classes tended to support already existing political parties rather than forming new ones. Mainstream Marxist parties continued to adhere to the goal of achieving a socialist revolution through class struggle and revolution. Meanwhile, revisionist Marxist parties, influenced by figures like Eduard Bernstein, argued that socialism could be achieved gradually through democratic means, such as elections and legislative reform, rather than through violent revolution. This reflects a broad spectrum of responses within the working class and socialist movements to the expansion of suffrage.

Question 17

Which of the following did governments use to expand their authority and control their citizens during the later nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

Governments during the later nineteenth century utilized all of the options listed to expand their authority and control their citizens. Military conscription allowed governments to build up their army and strengthen their control over their populations by forcing men to serve in the military. Public education gave governments another tool to control the beliefs and values of their citizens, while also creating a more educated workforce to advance the economy. Broad taxation allowed governments to generate revenue and expand their control over economic activity, while also giving them more resources to provide public goods and services. Nationalism was used to promote loyalty and allegiance to the state and its leaders, creating a sense of unity among citizens and reinforcing the government’s power.

Question 18

The "captains of industry" did NOT succeed in gaining which of the following by 1900?

Accepted Answer

The "captains of industry" did not succeed in gaining control of the highest echelons of the military. While they may have had influence over politicians and society, they did not have direct control over the military.

Question 19

After 1870, the working class changed because

Accepted Answer

After 1870, the working class experienced a variety of changes. Artisans and skilled laborers saw their semi-independent economic status decline, peasants were pushed off the land and became urban workers, and men began to replace women and children in the workforce. Additionally, workers' purchasing power increased as prices for food and other items dropped. Therefore, all of the statements A, B, and C are correct and the best answer is E.

Question 20

The "cult of domesticity" was everything EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of The "cult of domesticity" was everything EXCEPT
...

Quiz 25: The Industrial West Responses to Modernization