Question 1

You do not have a "relationship" that links the labels (or levels)for two variables unless the relationship is:
A) causal and consistent
B) consistent and systematic
C) systematic and causal
D) systematic and important
E) consistent and important

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

The product life-cycle curve that describes the sales pattern of a new product over time (growing slowly during its introduction and then spurting upward rapidly during its growth stage and finally plateauing or slowing down considerably as the market becomes saturated)is an example of which type of relationship?
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) nonmonotonic relationship
D) monotonic relationship
E) curvilinear relationship

Accepted Answer

The product life-cycle curve does not follow a straight line (linear relationship) or a consistent upward or downward trend (monotonic relationship). Instead, it demonstrates a curvilinear relationship, where the sales pattern grows slowly, then rapidly, and then eventually slows down or reaches a plateau.

Question 3

We know that McDonald's customers drink coffee for breakfast and soft drinks at lunch. This is an example of what type of relationship?
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) monotonic relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) curvilinear relationship

Accepted Answer

A nonmonotonic relationship is one in which there is not a consistent trend in the data. In this case, the type of drink chosen by McDonald's customers varies depending on the time of day, but there may not be a clear pattern or trend.

Question 4

What type of analysis would be used to answer a question such as "Which customer demographic is most strongly related to product purchase/nonpurchase"?
A) association or relationship analysis
B) predictive analysis
C) predictive or relationship analysis
D) analysis of variance
E) canine/feline regression analysis

Accepted Answer

Association or relationship analysis is best suited to answer this type of question. This type of analysis looks at the connection between variables and identifies patterns or associations between them, which can help to determine which customer demographic is most strongly related to product purchase or non-purchase. Predictive analysis focuses on making predictions about future outcomes, which may not be relevant for this question. Analysis of variance is used to compare means and test for differences between groups, which may not provide the needed insights for this particular question. The option "canine/feline regression analysis" is not a valid choice as it is a non-existent type of analysis.

Question 5

Which type of relationship is described by relationships that may be S-shaped or J-shaped?
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) curvilinear relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) irregular relationship

Accepted Answer

S-shaped or J-shaped relationships are examples of curvilinear relationships, as they demonstrate a nonlinear pattern. A causal relationship refers to one variable directly causing changes in another variable, while a linear relationship is a straight-line pattern. A nonmonotonic relationship refers to a relationship where the direction of change in one variable does not consistently predict the direction of change in the other variable, and an irregular relationship does not demonstrate any clear pattern.

Question 6

Which type of relationship would you have when you have a general direction assigned to the relationship; that is, as one variable increases, the other variable may increase (or decrease)?
A) causal relationship
B) duotonic relationship
C) monotonic relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) curvilinear relationship

Accepted Answer

In a monotonic relationship, there is a general direction assigned to the relationship, and as one variable increases, the other variable may also increase or decrease. This means that the relationship is either consistently positive or consistently negative, without any fluctuations or reversals in direction.

Question 7

Strength of association might be described as:
A) strong
B) weak
C) moderate
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

Accepted Answer

Strength of association can be described as strong, weak, or moderate depending on the degree of correlation between variables. Therefore, all of the options (strong, weak, and moderate) are correct.

Question 8

Which type of relationship is a "straight-line" relationship between two variables and for which allows us to know the knowledge of one variable if we have knowledge of the other?
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) monotonic relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) curvilinear relationship

Accepted Answer

A straight-line relationship between two variables is a linear relationship, which is characterized by a constant rate of change between the two variables. This means that if we know the value of one variable, we can predict the value of the other variable using a mathematical formula (y = mx + b, where y is the dependent variable, x is the independent variable, m is the slope, and b is the y-intercept). A causal relationship, on the other hand, implies that one variable directly causes the other variable to change. Monotonic and nonmonotonic relationships refer to the direction of the relationship (i.e. whether it is increasing or decreasing) without specifying a specific shape. Curvilinear relationships are characterized by a nonlinear pattern, where the rate of change between the two variables is not constant.

Question 9

A relationship in which the presence (or absence)of one variable is systematically associated with the presence (or absence)of another is:
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) monotonic relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) alinear relationship

Accepted Answer

The answer of A relationship in which the presence (or...

Question 10

Associative analyses determine whether stable relationships exist between:
A) costs and expenses
B) two variables
C) 12 or more variables
D) marketing and sales
E) statistics and results

Accepted Answer

Associative analyses determine whether stable relationships exist between two variables.

Question 11

The owner of a shoe store knows that as children increase in age, their shoe size tends to get larger. This is an example of what type of relationship?
A) causal relationship
B) duotonic relationship
C) monotonic relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) linear relationship

Accepted Answer

A monotonic relationship is one in which there is a consistent directional trend between two variables. In this case, as children age, their shoe size tends to get larger, indicating a positive monotonic relationship between age and shoe size.

Question 12

The four basic types of relationships between two variables are:
A) anonmonotonic, duotonic, linear, and curvilinear
B) nonmonotonic, duotonic, sublinear, and curvilinear
C) nonmonotonic, monotonic, linear, and curvilinear
D) causal, consistent, systematic, and linear
E) duotonic, linear, sublinear, and alinear

Accepted Answer

The four basic types of relationships between two variables are nonmonotonic (when the relationship between the variables is not consistently increasing or decreasing), monotonic (when the relationship between the variables is consistently increasing or decreasing), linear (when the relationship between the variables is best represented by a straight line), and curvilinear (when the relationship between the variables is best represented by a curve). Choice C includes all four of these basic types, making it the correct answer.

Question 13

Which of the following refers to the finding that a systematic relationship exists between the two variables of interest in the population?
A) presence
B) direction
C) strength
D) pattern
E) concreteness

Accepted Answer

The presence of a systematic relationship refers to the existence of a relationship between two variables in the population. The other options (B, C, D, E) refer to specific characteristics or aspects of the relationship, but do not necessarily indicate that a relationship exists in the first place.

Question 14

Associative analysis procedures are useful because they determine if there is a consistent and systematic relationship between the presence (label)or amount of one variable and the:
A) nonpresence of a regressive relationship
B) presence (label) or amount of another variable
C) presence (label) or amount of the same variable
D) covariance of the other variable
E) presence of unobservable variables

Accepted Answer

Associative analysis procedures are used to determine the relationship between the presence or amount of one variable and the presence or amount of another variable. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which states that the procedures determine the presence or label of another variable.

Question 15

Which of the following were discussed by the authors as being ways that we may characterize relationships?
A) presence, direction, concreteness
B) direction, strength, concreteness
C) presence, direction, strength
D) presence, strength, concreteness
E) presence, pattern, concreteness

Accepted Answer

The authors specifically mention three aspects of relationships that can be characterized: presence (whether or not the relationship exists), direction (positive vs negative), and strength (how strong or weak the relationship is). Choice A is incorrect because concreteness is not mentioned. Choice B is incorrect because strength and direction are mentioned, but not presence. Choice D is incorrect because direction is not mentioned. Choice E is incorrect because pattern is not mentioned.

Question 16

Pontiac wants to know what types of persons respond favorably to proposed style changes in the Firebird. Frito-Lay wants to know what kinds of people buy from the Frito-Lay line. These are questions that may be answered through:
A) relationship analysis
B) chi-square analysis
C) associative analysis
D) analysis of variance
E) regression analysis

Accepted Answer

Associative analysis is used to identify patterns and relationships among variables, and it can be applied to market research to identify which types of consumers are more likely to respond favorably to certain changes or buy products from a particular line. Relationship analysis, chi-square analysis, and analysis of variance may also be useful in market research, but they are less appropriate for these specific questions. Regression analysis may be useful in identifying the relationship between variables, but it is less appropriate for identifying patterns and relationships among groups of consumers.

Question 17

When a scale has "labels" as opposed to "levels," we can normally assume the level of measurement is:
A) nominal or categorical
B) ratio
C) interval or ordinal
D) interval or ratio
E) metric

Accepted Answer

The presence of labels instead of explicit numerical values suggests that the scale is being used to categorize or describe different attributes, rather than measure them on a continuous numerical scale. This is most closely associated with nominal or categorical levels of measurement, which involve assigning values to different categories or groups without implying any inherent order or magnitude to those values.

Question 18

Which type of relationship is described by the formula: y = a + bx?
A) causal relationship
B) linear relationship
C) monotonic relationship
D) nonmonotonic relationship
E) curvilinear relationship

Accepted Answer

The formula y = a + bx represents a linear relationship between two variables, where "y" is the dependent variable, "x" is the independent variable, "a" is the y-intercept, and "b" is the slope of the line.

Question 19

Which of the following is used when describing the general pattern of nonmonotonic relationships?
A) presence
B) direction
C) strength
D) pattern
E) concreteness

Accepted Answer

The term "pattern" refers to the general shape or form of the relationship between two variables when it is not a simple monotonic relationship (i.e. when the relationship does not consistently increase or decrease in one direction). Therefore, the best choice for describing the general pattern of nonmonotonic relationships is D, "pattern."

Question 20

When a consistent and systematic relationship is found between two variables, the linkage is:
A) causal
B) statistical
C) managerially significant
D) important
E) relevant

Accepted Answer

When a consistent and systematic relationship is found between two variables, it is a statistical linkage. However, it does not necessarily mean that one variable causes the other, which would be a causal linkage. The terms managerially significant, important, and relevant are subjective and do not denote a specific type of linkage.

Quiz 18: Determining and Interpreting Associations Among Variables

You do not have a "relationship" that links the labels (or levels) for two variables unless the relationship is:

We know that McDonald's customers drink coffee for breakfast and soft drinks at lunch. This is an example of what type of relationship?

What type of analysis would be used to answer a question such as "Which customer demographic is most strongly related to product purchase/nonpurchase"?

Which type of relationship is described by relationships that may be S-shaped or J-shaped?

Which type of relationship would you have when you have a general direction assigned to the relationship; that is, as one variable increases, the other variable may increase (or decrease) ?

Strength of association might be described as:

Which type of relationship is a "straight-line" relationship between two variables and for which allows us to know the knowledge of one variable if we have knowledge of the other?

A relationship in which the presence (or absence) of one variable is systematically associated with the presence (or absence) of another is:

Associative analyses determine whether stable relationships exist between:

The owner of a shoe store knows that as children increase in age, their shoe size tends to get larger. This is an example of what type of relationship?

The four basic types of relationships between two variables are:

Which of the following refers to the finding that a systematic relationship exists between the two variables of interest in the population?

Associative analysis procedures are useful because they determine if there is a consistent and systematic relationship between the presence (label) or amount of one variable and the:

Which of the following were discussed by the authors as being ways that we may characterize relationships?

Pontiac wants to know what types of persons respond favorably to proposed style changes in the Firebird. Frito-Lay wants to know what kinds of people buy from the Frito-Lay line. These are questions that may be answered through:

When a scale has "labels" as opposed to "levels," we can normally assume the level of measurement is:

Which type of relationship is described by the formula: y = a + bx?

Which of the following is used when describing the general pattern of nonmonotonic relationships?

When a consistent and systematic relationship is found between two variables, the linkage is: