Question 1

Identify when it would be appropriate to use a parametric versus a nonparametric test.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify when it would be appropriate to...

Question 2

_____ are most often used with interval or ratio data whereas _____ are most often used with ordinal or nominal data.​

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests, such as t-tests and z-tests, assume certain properties of the population being sampled, such as normality and equal variances, and are therefore most appropriate for interval or ratio data. Nonparametric tests, such as Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and chi-square tests, do not make assumptions about population properties and are therefore more appropriate for ordinal or nominal data.

Question 3

In a recent study, researchers concluded that exercise significantly lowered stress levels. What the researchers were unaware of, however, was that several of the participants in the exercise group were also taking anti-anxiety medications. The researchers' conclusion is a(n) _____ error.​

Accepted Answer

This is a Type I error because the researchers falsely concluded that exercise significantly lowered stress levels, when in reality it could have been the anti-anxiety medication that had an effect. This is an error of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Question 4

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 120 or less or 170 or more pounds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If weight in the general population is...

Question 5

Explain the difference between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis in a study.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between the null hypothesis...

Question 6

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip followed by a black poker chip?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that I have a jar that...

Question 7

What are inferential statistics and how do they differ from descriptive statistics?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are inferential statistics and how do...

Question 8

If a researcher decides to use the 0.01 level of significance rather than using the more conventional 0.05 level of significance, what type of error is more likely to be made? Why?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a researcher decides to use the...

Question 9

Failing to reject H₀ when we should have rejected it is a _____ error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Failing to reject H₀ when we should...

Question 10

Explain how Type I and Type II errors are related to false alarms and misses.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how Type I and Type II...

Question 11

Rejecting H₀ when we should have failed to reject it is a _____ error.

Accepted Answer

Rejecting a true null hypothesis (in this case, failing to reject H₀) is a Type I error, also known as a false positive.

Question 12

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip or a black poker chip?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that I have a jar that...

Question 13

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 170 or more pounds?
​

Accepted Answer

The answer of If weight in the general population is...

Question 14

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that I have a jar that...

Question 15

A researcher hypothesizes that children who learn to read using phonics will read better than those not taught in this manner. Identify I₀ and H_a. Is this a one- or two-tailed test?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher hypothesizes that children who learn...

Question 16

When the probability of a Type I error is 0.05 or less, we say that we have observed _____.​

Accepted Answer

When the probability of a Type I error is 0.05 or less, we say that we have observed statistical significance. This means that the results are unlikely to have occurred by chance and are therefore meaningful. Choice A (a Type II error) is a situation in which we fail to reject a null hypothesis when it is actually false, and is unrelated to a Type I error rate. Choice C (the alternative hypothesis) is not the correct answer because it is a hypothesis that we are trying to accept, rather than a conclusion we can draw from our results. Choice D (all of the above) is not the best choice because only option B is correct.

Question 17

Explain how a one-tailed hypothesis differs from a two-tailed hypothesis.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how a one-tailed hypothesis differs from...

Question 18

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, p ​

Accepted Answer

When researchers report that the results from their study were significant with a p-value less than 0.05, it means that they would expect the results to occur by chance less than 5 times out of 100 if they conducted the study over again. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 19

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a black poker chip?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that I have a jar that...

Question 20

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 120 or less pounds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If weight in the general population is...

Quiz 7: Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Identify when it would be appropriate to use a parametric versus a nonparametric test.

_ are most often used with interval or ratio data whereas _ are most often used with ordinal or nominal data.

In a recent study, researchers concluded that exercise significantly lowered stress levels. What the researchers were unaware of, however, was that several of the participants in the exercise group were also taking anti-anxiety medications. The researchers' conclusion is a(n) _____ error.

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 120 or less or 170 or more pounds?

Explain the difference between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis in a study.

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip followed by a black poker chip?

What are inferential statistics and how do they differ from descriptive statistics?

If a researcher decides to use the 0.01 level of significance rather than using the more conventional 0.05 level of significance, what type of error is more likely to be made? Why?

Failing to reject H₀ when we should have rejected it is a _____ error.

Explain how Type I and Type II errors are related to false alarms and misses.

Rejecting H₀ when we should have failed to reject it is a _____ error.

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip or a black poker chip?

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 170 or more pounds?

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip?

A researcher hypothesizes that children who learn to read using phonics will read better than those not taught in this manner. Identify I₀ and H_a. Is this a one- or two-tailed test?

When the probability of a Type I error is 0.05 or less, we say that we have observed _____.

Explain how a one-tailed hypothesis differs from a two-tailed hypothesis.

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, p

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a black poker chip?

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 120 or less pounds?

Quiz 7: Probability and Hypothesis Testing

Identify when it would be appropriate to use a parametric versus a nonparametric test.​

_____ are most often used with interval or ratio data whereas _____ are most often used with ordinal or nominal data.​

In a recent study, researchers concluded that exercise significantly lowered stress levels. What the researchers were unaware of, however, was that several of the participants in the exercise group were also taking anti-anxiety medications. The researchers' conclusion is a(n) _____ error.​

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 120 or less or 170 or more pounds?

Explain the difference between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis in a study.​

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip followed by a black poker chip?

What are inferential statistics and how do they differ from descriptive statistics?​

If a researcher decides to use the 0.01 level of significance rather than using the more conventional 0.05 level of significance, what type of error is more likely to be made? Why?​

Failing to reject H0 when we should have rejected it is a _____ error.

Explain how Type I and Type II errors are related to false alarms and misses.​

Rejecting H0 when we should have failed to reject it is a _____ error.

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip or a black poker chip?​

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 170 or more pounds? ​

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip?​

A researcher hypothesizes that children who learn to read using phonics will read better than those not taught in this manner. Identify I0 and Ha. Is this a one- or two-tailed test?​

When the probability of a Type I error is 0.05 or less, we say that we have observed _____.​

Explain how a one-tailed hypothesis differs from a two-tailed hypothesis.​

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, p ​

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a black poker chip?​

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 120 or less pounds?

Identify when it would be appropriate to use a parametric versus a nonparametric test.

_ are most often used with interval or ratio data whereas _ are most often used with ordinal or nominal data.

In a recent study, researchers concluded that exercise significantly lowered stress levels. What the researchers were unaware of, however, was that several of the participants in the exercise group were also taking anti-anxiety medications. The researchers' conclusion is a(n) _____ error.

Explain the difference between the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis in a study.

What are inferential statistics and how do they differ from descriptive statistics?

If a researcher decides to use the 0.01 level of significance rather than using the more conventional 0.05 level of significance, what type of error is more likely to be made? Why?

Failing to reject H₀ when we should have rejected it is a _____ error.

Explain how Type I and Type II errors are related to false alarms and misses.

Rejecting H₀ when we should have failed to reject it is a _____ error.

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip or a black poker chip?

If weight in the general population is normally distributed with an average of 160 pounds and a standard deviation of 20 pounds, what is the probability of selecting someone who weighs 170 or more pounds?

Imagine that I have a jar that contains20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a red poker chip?

A researcher hypothesizes that children who learn to read using phonics will read better than those not taught in this manner. Identify I₀ and H_a. Is this a one- or two-tailed test?

When the probability of a Type I error is 0.05 or less, we say that we have observed _____.

Explain how a one-tailed hypothesis differs from a two-tailed hypothesis.

If researchers report that the results from their study were significant, p

Imagine that I have a jar that contains 20 black poker chips and 40 red poker chips. What is the probability of selecting a black poker chip?