Question 1

The parents of a preschool child ask the nurse why their child needs to have her "eyes tested." The nurse explains that although evaluating the visual acuity in a young child can be difficult,the American Academy of Pediatric recommends that visual acuity testing be assessed on all children beginning no later than age _________ years.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The parents of a preschool child ask...

Question 2

An important part of the physical exam is the otoscopic examination of the ear.The ear canal should be straightened prior to visualization.If the child is younger than 3,this is accomplished when the nurse pulls the pinna of the ear down and back.Is this the correct procedure?

Accepted Answer

If the child is older than 3,the pinna is pulled up and back.As much of the ear canal as possible should be visible before the speculum is inserted into the auditory meatus.

Question 3

A school nurse is screening children for scoliosis.Which assessment findings should the nurse expect to observe for scoliosis? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The hallmark signs of scoliosis are uneven or asymmetrical shoulder heights, waist angles and pant lengths. Pain with deep palpation of the spinal column or the inability to bend at the waist are not typical findings in scoliosis.

Question 4

A nurse is performing an assessment on a newborn.Which vital signs indicate a normal finding for this age group? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Newborns typically have a blood pressure of systolic 65-95 and diastolic 30-60, an axillary temperature of 36.5-37.3 Celsius, and respirations of 30-60 a minute.

Question 5

Which parameter correlates best with measurements of the body's total muscle-mass to fat ratio?

Accepted Answer

The mid-arm circumference reflects muscle and fat.Height,weight,and skinfold thickness do not reflect muscle and fat.

Question 6

Which cranial nerve is assessed when the child is asked to imitate the examiner's wrinkled frown,wrinkled forehead,smile,and raised eyebrow?

Accepted Answer

The facial nerve is responsible for the movements of the facial muscles involved in facial expression, such as frowning, wrinkling the forehead, smiling, and raising the eyebrows. The other nerves listed (accessory, hypoglossal, and trigeminal) are not directly involved in these movements.

Question 7

When palpating the child's cervical lymph nodes,the nurse notes that they are tender,enlarged,and warm.What is the best explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

Small nontender nodes are normal. Tender, enlarged, and warm lymph nodes may indicate infection or inflammation close to their location. Tender lymph nodes are not usually indicative of cancer. A scalp infection would usually not cause inflamed lymph nodes. The lymph nodes close to the site of inflammation or infection would be inflamed.

Question 8

Which assessment finding is considered a neurologic soft sign in a 7-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

Poor muscle coordination is considered a neurologic soft sign in a child, indicating possible developmental delays or issues with motor control. The other options listed are all normal neurologic assessment findings.

Question 9

Examination of the abdomen is performed correctly by the nurse in which order?

Accepted Answer

The correct order of abdominal examination is inspection, auscultation, and palpation. Inspection should be done first to assess for any visible abnormalities, followed by auscultation to assess bowel sounds before palpation, as palpation can stimulate bowel sounds and give an inaccurate assessment. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 10

What should the nurse recognize as a possible indicator of child abuse in a 4-year-old child being treated for ear pain at the emergency department on a chilly Christmas Day in New York State? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The child's inappropriate clothing for the weather, poor dental hygiene, and negative self-image are potential indicators of neglect or emotional abuse.

Question 11

Which tool measures body fat most accurately?

Accepted Answer

Calipers are the most accurate tool for measuring body fat as they take into account the subcutaneous fat located just beneath the skin's surface. Stadiometers measure height, cloth tape measures measure circumferences, and paper/metal tape measures are not accurate for measuring body fat.

Question 12

Which statement about performing a pediatric physical assessment is correct for a school-age child? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which statement about performing a pediatric physical...

Question 13

Kimberly is having a checkup before starting kindergarten.The nurse asks her to do the "finger-to-nose" test.The nurse is testing for

Accepted Answer

The "finger-to-nose" test is a test of cerebellar function, specifically coordination and fine motor control. It involves the individual touching their finger to their nose and then touching the nurse's finger, which is held at various positions. The nurse is looking for any signs of tremors, dysmetria (overshooting or undershooting the target), or ataxia (lack of coordination). This test is commonly used in neurological evaluations.

Question 14

What heart sound is produced by vibrations within the heart chambers or in the major arteries from the back-and-forth flow of blood?

Accepted Answer

The heart sound produced by vibrations within the heart chambers or in the major arteries from the back-and-forth flow of blood is known as a murmur.

Question 15

During examination of a toddler's extremities,the nurse notes that the child is bowlegged.The nurse should recognize that this finding is

Accepted Answer

Bowleggedness is normal in toddlers as their lower back and leg muscles are still developing, and it usually resolves as they grow.

Question 16

The CDC recommends that all health care providers use the World Health Organization (WHO)growth standards to monitor growth for infants and children aged 0-2 years.For children ages 2 and older the CDC growth chart should be used.These charts are standardized and appropriate for all children.Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

There are special growth charts available for premature or very low birth weight infants,and children with specific conditions that may affect size and growth (i.e.,Down syndrome).

Question 17

The nurse has a 2-year-old boy sit in "tailor" position during palpation for the testes.What is the rationale for this position?

Accepted Answer

Sitting in the tailor position helps prevent the cremasteric reflex, which can cause the testes to retract and make palpation difficult.

Quiz 33: Physical Assessment of Children