Question 1

You are the nurse caring for a child with celiac disease.Which food choices by the child's parent indicate understanding of teaching? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are the nurse caring for a...

Question 2

Which type of hernia has an impaired blood supply to the herniated organ?

Accepted Answer

A strangulated hernia occurs when the herniated organ becomes trapped and has its blood supply cut off, leading to tissue death and potentially life-threatening complications. Hiatal hernias are when the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm, but there is no risk of impaired blood supply. Incarcerated hernias occur when the herniated tissue becomes trapped but still has a blood supply. Omphaloceles are a type of abdominal wall defect where abdominal organs protrude through an opening in the abdominal muscles and are covered by a membrane, but again there is no risk of impaired blood supply.

Question 3

Bismuth subsalicylate,clarithromycin,and metronidazole are prescribed for a child with a peptic ulcer to

Accepted Answer

Bismuth subsalicylate, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are antibiotics commonly used in combination to eradicate the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is a known cause of peptic ulcers. Coating the gastric mucosa, treating epigastric pain, and reducing gastric acid production are other methods of managing peptic ulcers, but they do not address the underlying bacterial infection.

Question 4

Which statement best characterizes hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A has an acute onset, meaning symptoms appear suddenly and are typically severe but resolve within a few weeks to months. The incubation period is shorter than other types of hepatitis, usually ranging from 2-6 weeks. Parenteral transmission (such as through needles or blood transfusions) is not efficient, and there is not a persistent carrier state - most people recover completely from the infection.

Question 5

What is used to treat moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids are a common treatment for moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease as they reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system. Antacids and antidiarrheal medications may offer symptomatic relief but are not effective in treating the underlying condition. Antibiotics may be used in some cases, but they are not typically the first-line treatment for inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 6

Which interventions should a nurse implement when caring for a child with hepatitis? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A child with hepatitis should follow a well-balanced low-fat diet to promote liver health and prevent further damage. Over-the-counter medications can be harmful to the liver and should be avoided. Good hand washing can prevent the spread of hepatitis to others. Schedule playtime in the playroom with other children and arranging for homeschooling are not necessary interventions for a child with hepatitis.

Question 7

A girl with possible malabsorption syndrome is undergoing diagnostic testing for the condition.She is instructed to wear a facemask in order for expelled air to be collected.This test is known as the ________ breath test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A girl with possible malabsorption syndrome is...

Question 8

The earliest clinical manifestation of biliary atresia is

Accepted Answer

The earliest clinical manifestation of biliary atresia is jaundice. It may present as early as 2-3 weeks of age, and is usually progressive. Other symptoms such as dark urine, pale stools, and abdominal distension may develop later.

Question 9

Which nursing interventions are significant for a child with cirrhosis who is at risk for bleeding? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Guaiac testing helps detect blood in stools, a safe environment prevents injury and bleeding, and vitamins A, D, E, and K support clotting factors.

Question 10

An infant with short bowel syndrome will be discharged home on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)and gastrostomy feedings.Nursing care should include

Accepted Answer

Teaching the family signs of central venous catheter infection is crucial because infections are a common and serious complication of TPN.

Question 11

A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet)or ranitidine (Zantac)is ordered for an infant with GER.The purpose of this is to

Accepted Answer

Histamine-receptor antagonists such as cimetidine and ranitidine reduce gastric acid production by blocking the action of histamine on the stomach's acid-secreting cells. This can help to alleviate symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER).

Question 12

The best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis is

Accepted Answer

Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment option for cirrhosis, particularly in children. It replaces the damaged liver with a healthy liver and can improve survival rates. Corticosteroids and immune globulin may have a role in treating specific causes of cirrhosis, but they are not a cure for the disease. Nutritional support can help manage symptoms and improve overall health, but it is not a definitive treatment for cirrhosis.

Question 13

The nurse is providing home care instructions to the parents of an infant being discharged after repair of a bilateral cleft lip.Which instructions should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is safe to give to infants as long as the correct dosage is followed. Therefore, this instruction is incorrect and should not be included in the home care instructions.
B) This instruction is correct because feeding the infant in an upright position helps prevent formula or milk from entering the suture line in the lip, which could increase the risk of infection.
C) Placing the infant prone (on their stomach) for a long period of time each day is not recommended because it could put pressure on the surgical site and delay healing. Therefore, this instruction is incorrect and should not be included in the home care instructions.
D) Burping the infant frequently during feedings is important to prevent gas buildup, which could cause discomfort and increase the risk of vomiting. This instruction is correct and should be included in the home care instructions.
E) Applying antibiotic ointment to the lip as prescribed is important to prevent infection at the surgical site. This instruction is correct and should be included in the home care instructions.

Question 14

A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER)but is thriving without other complications.What should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?

Accepted Answer

Thicken formula with rice cereal can help to decrease gastroesophageal reflux in infants. This can be done by adding a small amount of rice cereal to the infant's formula, which will make the formula thicker and less likely to come back up through the esophagus. Other suggestions may include smaller, more frequent feedings and holding the infant upright for 30 minutes after feedings. Placing the infant in a Trendelenburg position after eating and giving continuous nasogastric tube feedings are not recommended for the management of GER in infants.

Question 15

Therapeutic management of most children with Hirschsprung disease is primarily

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic management for Hirschsprung disease is surgical removal of the affected section of the bowel, also known as a pull-through procedure. This eliminates the portion of the intestine that lacks nerve cells and allows for normal bowel function. Daily enemas may be necessary in the short term to manage symptoms before surgery, but they are not a long-term solution. A low-fiber diet may also be recommended in the short-term to reduce the risk of bowel obstruction before surgery, but it is not a permanent management strategy. Permanent colostomy is typically only considered in rare cases where the child has other medical issues that make a pull-through procedure too risky.

Quiz 43: The Child With a Gastrointestinal Alteration