Question 1

Which of the following commands lists all defined variables and functions within Bash?
A) env
B) set
C) env -a
D) echo $ENV

Accepted Answer

The `set` command in Bash lists all defined variables and functions.

Question 2

Which of the following file permissions belong to a symbolic link?
A) -rwxrwxrwx
B) +rwxrwxrwx
C) lrwxrwxrwx
D) srwxrwxrwx

Accepted Answer

Symbolic links are represented by 'l' at the beginning of the permission string, indicating a link type.

Question 3

Which of the following steps prevents a user from obtaining an interactive login session?
A) Run the command chsh -s /bin/false with the user name.
B) Set the UID for the user to 0.
C) Remove the user from the group staff.
D) Add the user to /etc/noaccess.
E) Create a .nologin file in the user's home directory.

Accepted Answer

Running the command `chsh -s /bin/false` with the user name changes the user's shell to `/bin/false`, which prevents them from obtaining an interactive login session.

Question 4

Which of the following commands prints all files and directories within the /tmp directory or its subdirectories which are also owned by the user root? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) find /tmp -uid root -print
B) find -path /tmp -uid root
C) find /tmp -user root -print
D) find /tmp -user root
E) find -path /tmp -user root -print

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following commands prints all...

Question 5

After successfully creating a hard link called bar to the ordinary file foo, foo is deleted from the filesystem. Which of the following describes the resulting situation?
A) foo and bar would both be removed.
B) foo would be removed while bar would remain accessible.
C) foo would be removed. bar would still exist but would be unusable.
D) Both foo and bar would remain accessible.
E) The user is prompted whether bar should be removed, too.

Accepted Answer

A hard link points to the same inode as the original file, so deleting the original file (foo) does not affect the hard link (bar), which remains accessible.

Question 6

Which of the following commands can be used to determine how long the system has been running? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) uptime
B) up
C) top
D) uname -u
E) time -up

Accepted Answer

The "uptime" command directly shows how long the system has been running. The "top" command also displays system uptime information among other system statistics.

Question 7

Which of the following are requirements in order to run a shell script like a regular command from anywhere in the filesystem? (Choose THREE correct choices.)
A) The user issuing the command must be in the group script.
B) The script file must be found in the $PATH.
C) The script file must have the executable permission bit set.
D) The script must begin with a shebang-line (#!) that points to the correct interpreter.
E) The file system on which the script resides must be mounted with the option scripts.

Accepted Answer

The script file must be found in the $PATH, the script file must have the executable permission bit set, and the script must begin with a shebang-line (#!) that points to the correct interpreter.

Question 8

Which of the following crontab entries will execute myscript at 30 minutes past every hour on Sundays?
A) 0 * * * 30 myscript
B) 30 * * * 6 myscript
C) 30 0 * * 0 myscript
D) 30 0-23 * * 0 myscript
E) 0 0-23 * * 30 myscript

Accepted Answer

The crontab entry "30 0-23 * * 0 myscript" specifies that "myscript" should run at 30 minutes past every hour (0-23) on Sundays (0).

Question 9

Which of the following commands can remove a user from a group?
A) grouprm
B) groupmod
C) passwd
D) usergroups
E) usermod

Accepted Answer

The `usermod` command with the `-G` option can be used to modify a user's group memberships, effectively removing them from a group by specifying a new list of groups.

Question 10

What is the purpose of the file /etc/profile?
A) It contains the welcome message that is displayed after login.
B) It contains security profiles defining which users are allowed to log in.
C) It contains environment variables that are set when a user logs in.
D) It contains default application profiles for users that run an application for the first time.

Accepted Answer

/etc/profile is a script that sets up environment variables and configurations for all users upon login.

Question 11

What does the command mount -a do?
A) It ensures that all file systems listed with the option noauto in /etc/fstab are mounted.
B) It shows all mounted file systems that have been automatically mounted.
C) It opens an editor with root privileges and loads /etc/fstab for editing.
D) It ensures that all file systems listed with the option auto in /etc/fstab are mounted.
E) It ensures that all file systems listed in /etc/fstab are mounted regardless of their options.

Accepted Answer

The command `mount -a` mounts all filesystems mentioned in /etc/fstab that have the option "auto" and are not currently mounted.

Question 12

Which of the following settings for umask ensures that new files have the default permissions -rw-r----- ?
A) 0017
B) 0640
C) 0038
D) 0027

Accepted Answer

The umask value 0027 ensures that new files have permissions -rw-r----- by subtracting the umask from the default permissions (666 for files).

Question 13

Which of the following commands shows the definition of a given shell command?
A) where
B) stat
C) type
D) case

Accepted Answer

The `type` command in Unix/Linux is used to display information about command type, including its definition if it's a shell built-in or an alias.

Question 14

To prevent a specific user from scheduling tasks with at, what should the administrator do?
A) Add the specific user to /etc/at.allow file.
B) Add the specific user to [deny] section in the /etc/atd.conf file.
C) Add the specific user to /etc/at.deny file.
D) Add the specific user to nojobs group.
E) Run the following: atd --deny [user].

Accepted Answer

Adding the specific user to the /etc/at.deny file will prevent them from scheduling tasks with the 'at' command.

Question 15

Which of the following files assigns a user to its primary group?
A) /etc/pgroup
B) /etc/shadow
C) /etc/group
D) /etc/passwd
E) /etc/gshadow

Accepted Answer

The /etc/passwd file contains user account information, including the primary group ID for each user.

Question 16

After moving data to a new filesystem, how can the former path of the data be kept intact in order to avoid reconfiguration of existing applications? (Choose TWO correct choices.)
A) By creating an ACL redirection from the old to the new path of the data.
B) By creating a hard link from the old to the new path of the data.
C) By creating a symbolic link from the old to the new path of the data.
D) By running the command touch on the old path.
E) By mounting the new filesystem on the original path of the data.

Accepted Answer

A symbolic link (C) and mounting the new filesystem on the original path (E) both allow the former path of the data to be kept intact, avoiding the need to reconfigure existing applications.

Question 17

The X11 configuration file xorg.conf is grouped into sections. How is the content of the section SectionName associated with that section? A) It is placed in curly brackets as in Section SectionName { ... }. B) It is placed between a line containing Section "SectionName" and a line containing EndSection. C) It is placed between the tags

and

D) It is placed after the row [SectionName]. E) It is placed after an initial unindented Section "SectionName" and must be indented by exactly one tab character.

Accepted Answer

The content of the section SectionName is associated with that section by placing it between a line containing Section "SectionName" and a line containing EndSection.

Question 18

Which of the following commands can be used to display the inode number of a given file?
A) inode
B) ls
C) ln
D) cp

Accepted Answer

The 'ls' command with the '-i' option can be used to display the inode number of a file.

Question 19

Which command makes the shell variable named VARIABLE visible to subshells?
A) export $VARIABLE
B) export VARIABLE
C) set $VARIABLE
D) set VARIABLE
E) env VARIABLE

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which command makes the shell variable named...

Question 20

In case neither cron.allow nor cron.deny exist in /etc/, which of the following is true?
A) Without additional configuration, no users may have user specific crontabs.
B) Without additional configuration, all users may have user specific crontabs.
C) The cron daemon will refuse to start and report missing files in the system's logfile.
D) When a user creates a user specific crontab the system administrator must approve it explicitly.

Accepted Answer

Without additional configuration, no users may have user specific crontabs.

Exam 1: Linux Foundation Certified System Administrator

Which of the following commands lists all defined variables and functions within Bash?

Which of the following file permissions belong to a symbolic link?

Which of the following steps prevents a user from obtaining an interactive login session?

Which of the following commands prints all files and directories within the /tmp directory or its subdirectories which are also owned by the user root? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

After successfully creating a hard link called bar to the ordinary file foo, foo is deleted from the filesystem. Which of the following describes the resulting situation?

Which of the following commands can be used to determine how long the system has been running? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

Which of the following are requirements in order to run a shell script like a regular command from anywhere in the filesystem? (Choose THREE correct choices.)

Which of the following crontab entries will execute myscript at 30 minutes past every hour on Sundays?

Which of the following commands can remove a user from a group?

What is the purpose of the file /etc/profile?

What does the command mount -a do?

Which of the following settings for umask ensures that new files have the default permissions -rw-r----- ?

Which of the following commands shows the definition of a given shell command?

To prevent a specific user from scheduling tasks with at, what should the administrator do?

Which of the following files assigns a user to its primary group?

After moving data to a new filesystem, how can the former path of the data be kept intact in order to avoid reconfiguration of existing applications? (Choose TWO correct choices.)

The X11 configuration file xorg.conf is grouped into sections. How is the content of the section SectionName associated with that section?

Which of the following commands can be used to display the inode number of a given file?

Which command makes the shell variable named VARIABLE visible to subshells?

In case neither cron.allow nor cron.deny exist in /etc/, which of the following is true?