The nurse is planning teaching for a client newly diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome. Which measures will the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

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Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which moisture-producing exocrine glands of the body are attacked by white blood cells. The most commonly affected glands are the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to dry eyes (xerophthalmia) and dry mouth (xerostomia). Dryness in these areas can lead to corneal ulcerations, dental caries, and oral thrush. Other areas that can be affected and their symptoms include: Skin - dry skin and rashes Throat and bronchi - chronic dry cough Vagina - vaginal dryness and painful intercourse Treatment is focused on alleviating symptoms as there is currently no cure for Sjögren's syndrome. Over-the-counter or prescribed drops are used to relieve itching, burning, dryness, and gritty sensation in the eyes. Wearing goggles may offer further protection from drying caused by the wind. Dry mouth is treated with sugarless gum and candy or artificial saliva. Regular dental appointments to prevent dental caries are recommended. Lubricants (eg, K-Y Jelly) help to ease vaginal dryness. Use of lukewarm water and mild soap when showering can prevent dry skin. Avoiding low-humidity environments (eg, centrally heated houses, airplanes) and using humidifiers to maintain adequate humidity (mainly at night) are also recommended. (Option D) Clients with Sjögren's syndrome are advised to avoid decongestants as they cause further dryness to the mouth and nasal mucosa. These clients should also avoid oral irritants (eg, coffee, alcohol, nicotine) and acidic drinks (eg, carbonated beverages, juices) and instead sip water frequently. Educational objective: Clients with Sjögren's syndrome need measures to combat the effects of damaged moisture-producing glands. These include eye drops, sugar-free candy or artificial saliva, vaginal lubricants, frequent dental examinations, lukewarm showers with mild soap, and avoiding decongestants.

The Nurse Is Planning Teaching for a Client Newly Diagnosed