A clinic nurse is reviewing charts for clients who have appointments later in the day. Which of the following clients should the nurse recognize as appropriate recipients of a prescription for emtricitabine/tenofovir? Select all that apply.

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HIV is a viral infection of CD4⁺ (T helper) cells that results in progressive immune system impairment. It is most frequently transmitted via blood, unprotected sexual contact, shared needles, and parenteral equipment, or perinatally from mother to child. Primary prevention and modification of risky behaviors are essential health care strategies for HIV because there is no known cure. ⁺ Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a preventive strategy in which antiretroviral therapy is prescribed for clients whose risk for contracting HIV is high. Emtricitabine/tenofovir (eg, Truvada) is a commonly used combination therapy for PrEP in high-risk individuals (eg, clients using recreational IV drugs, clients whose spouses have HIV, men who have sex with men) (Options A, C, and D). PrEP should be combined with other prevention methods such as safer sex practices, regular HIV testing, and counseling for risk reduction. (Option B) Tuberculosis infection does not increase the risk of contracting HIV. However, HIV infection places clients at risk for opportunistic infections (eg, tuberculosis). Antiretroviral therapy (which may include emtricitabine/tenofovir) can lower the risk for opportunistic infections in clients with HIV. (Option E) HIV can be transmitted through needlestick injury, but the risk is low. Therefore, standard precautions are sufficient to prevent HIV transmission in health care workers (eg, phlebotomists). Educational objective: Preexposure prophylaxis is prescribed to prevent HIV infection in clients at high risk (eg, men who have sex with men, clients whose spouses have HIV, clients who use recreational IV drugs). Emtricitabine/tenofovir is commonly used for this purpose.

A Clinic Nurse Is Reviewing Charts for Clients Who Have