A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about actions to prevent complications. Which of the following statements indicate that teaching was effective? Select all that apply.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a viral infection of the CD4⁺ (helper T) cells, resulting in progressive immune system impairment. Clients with HIV are susceptible to opportunistic infections that typically occur during periods of low CD4⁺ counts. To reduce the risk of infection, nurses should educate clients with HIV to: Obtain and remain up to date on vaccinations, including the annual influenza vaccination (Option B). Avoid eating undercooked meats (eg, steak that is pink) and having contact with cat feces (eg, cat litter box) because both are sources of Toxoplasma gondii, an opportunistic parasite that causes encephalitis (Options A and C). Avoid drinking water from poorly sanitized (eg, developing countries) or potentially contaminated (eg, rivers, wells) sources because it may contain infectious pathogens (eg, Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Giardia). Instead, use bottled or purified water when drinking and brushing teeth (Option D). (Option E) Educate clients with HIV to always use synthetic barriers (eg, condoms) during sex to reduce the risk of transmitting HIV and being infected with additional HIV strains or other sexually transmitted infections. Clients with an undetectable viral load have a lower risk of transmitting HIV to a sexual partner but should still use barrier contraception. Educational objective: Clients with HIV should take precautions to prevent opportunistic infections, including: staying up to date on vaccinations, eating thoroughly cooked meat, avoiding changing cat litter boxes, and using bottled water to brush teeth when traveling to developing countries. Clients with HIV, even those with a low viral load, should always use condoms.

A Nurse Is Reinforcing Teaching with a Client Newly Diagnosed