A nurse is making a presentation on skin cancer prevention with special focus on melanoma at a community health forum. Which statements should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

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Skin cancers are most often caused by damage to the skin's DNA. This damage is typically due to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, primarily from the sun but also from other sources (eg, tanning beds, sunlamps). The instructions to prevent sunburn and other sun-related damage include: Avoid the sun, if possible, especially between 10 AM and 4 PM. UV rays are not blocked by cloud coverage and can be reflected off water, sand, snow, and concrete. As a result, clients can burn in the shade or even during outdoor winter activities (eg, skiing) (Option D). Wear protective clothing (eg, long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats, umbrellas) when possible. Apply sunscreen: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen to block both UVA and UVB rays. Choose a sunscreen with SPF ≥15 for daily use or SPF ≥30 for outdoor activities and sun-sensitive individuals. Sunscreen should be applied 15-30 minutes prior to sun exposure to allow the formation of a protective film on the skin. Regardless of the type of sunscreen used, it should be reapplied at least every 2 hours, or more often if possible (Options A and B). Because sunscreen is washed off with swimming and sweating, it should be reapplied, even for products labeled "water-resistant" or "very water-resistant" (Option C). Avoid the use of tanning beds as they emit UV radiation (Option E). Educational objective: To prevent sunburn, instruct clients to avoid sun exposure from 10 AM to 4 PM, wear protective clothing, use sunscreen properly (daily application; minimum SPF of 15-30; 15-30 minutes before going outside; reapplication when wet and every 2 hours), and avoid non-solar exposure to ultraviolet radiation (eg, tanning beds, sunlamps).

A Nurse Is Making a Presentation on Skin Cancer Prevention