Question 1

When compared with research on other types of psychopathology evident in childhood and adolescence, research on substance use disorder:

Accepted Answer

Research on substance use disorder, when compared to other types of psychopathology evident in childhood and adolescence, is relatively limited. This limitation could be due to various factors, including ethical concerns about studying substance use in younger populations, the complexity of substance use disorders, and perhaps a historical focus on adult populations in substance use research.

Question 2

In the previous version of DSM (DSM-IV), what were the two primary diagnoses for substance-related problems?

Accepted Answer

In the DSM-IV, the two primary diagnoses for substance-related problems were "Substance Abuse" and "Substance Dependence." These categories were used to differentiate between less severe misuse and more severe addiction issues.

Question 3

In previous versions of DSM, signs of tolerance to a substance and withdrawal were characterized as:

Accepted Answer

Signs of tolerance to a substance and withdrawal were characterized as substance dependence in previous versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Substance abuse was defined differently, focusing on the harmful consequences of substance use.

Question 4

High-school senior, Connor, has shown a troubling pattern of cocaine use over the past year and his grades have suffered tremendously.He has withdrawn from friends and family, has continued to use the cocaine in dangerous situations (such as when he is driving), and he spends a great deal of time trying to find ways to buy more cocaine.The most likely diagnosis for Connor is:

Accepted Answer

Connor's symptoms align with cocaine use disorder, which includes a pattern of cocaine use leading to significant impairment or distress, as evidenced by his continued use despite negative consequences, withdrawal from social activities, and risky behavior.

Question 5

Based on epidemiological studies, approximately what percent of children and adolescents meet criteria for a substance use disorder?

Accepted Answer

Epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence of substance use disorders among children and adolescents can vary widely, typically ranging from 4% to 62%, depending on the population and criteria used.

Question 6

From highest prevalence to lowest prevalence, what is the pattern of substance use disorders in children and adolescents when considering race/ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Substance use disorders among children and adolescents show a higher prevalence in Native American populations, followed by Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino/Latina, and African American populations, in that order. This pattern reflects broader socio-economic, cultural, and access-related factors that influence substance use and its reporting across different racial and ethnic groups.

Question 7

Higher rates of substance use disorders have been found in populations of homeless adolescents.This research suggests that:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Higher rates of substance use disorders have...

Question 8

The connections between parental alcohol use disorder and adolescent alcohol use disorder appear to be due to which of the following factors?

Accepted Answer

The connections between parental alcohol use disorder and adolescent alcohol use disorder are multifaceted, involving genetic predisposition, physiological vulnerabilities, and the influence of parenting behaviors. These factors collectively contribute to the risk of developing alcohol use disorders in adolescents.

Question 9

Comorbidity is highest between substance use disorders and:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Comorbidity is highest between substance use disorders...

Question 10

David began smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol when he was 12, then moved on to smoking marijuana when he was 14, and then began abusing cocaine by the time he was

Accepted Answer

The sequence of drug use David experienced, starting with legal substances and progressing to illegal ones, is an example of the gateway phenomenon, where earlier use of less harmful substances is thought to lead to the use of more harmful substances later.

Question 11

This progression is known as the:

Accepted Answer

The term "Gateway phenomenon" refers to the theory that the use of less harmful drugs can lead to a future risk of using more dangerous drugs.

Question 12

What are the usual stages in developing substance use disorder (from earliest to latest)?

Accepted Answer

The usual stages in developing substance use disorder start with experimental use, followed by social use, then instrumental use, progressing to habitual use, and finally becoming compulsive.

Question 13

When disorders are comorbid, which of the following disorders is likely to occur after the onset of substance use disorders rather than before?

Accepted Answer

Comorbidity refers to the presence of more than one disorder in the same person. While substance use disorders can co-occur with a variety of other mental health disorders, the question specifically asks which of the listed disorders is likely to occur after the onset of substance use disorders. None of the options provided (Separation anxiety disorder, Generalized anxiety disorder, Conduct disorder) are typically characterized by onset after substance use disorders. Instead, these disorders often precede substance use disorders, as individuals may use substances as a form of self-medication for pre-existing conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is D) None of the above.

Question 14

Relapse after treatment (i.e., going back to abusing a substance):

Accepted Answer

Relapse after treatment for substance abuse is common, and studies have shown that it often occurs within about three months of treatment. This highlights the need for ongoing support and interventions to help individuals maintain their recovery over time.

Question 15

Regarding etiology, which of the following factors appear to be related to the development of substance use disorders?

Accepted Answer

Substance use disorders are complex conditions influenced by a variety of factors. Biological and genetic factors can predispose individuals to such disorders, cognitive factors can affect how individuals perceive and use substances, and cultural and societal factors can influence the availability, acceptability, and norms around substance use. Therefore, all of the mentioned factors are related to the development of substance use disorders.

Question 16

Regarding parental rejection and substance use disorders:

Accepted Answer

Parental rejection is linked to adolescents' intent to use substances, and research has shown that rejection by the father can have a more significant impact on the likelihood of later substance use disorders than rejection by the mother. This highlights the importance of the father's role in a child's development and the potential consequences of negative paternal interactions.

Question 17

Which theory suggests that individuals are vulnerable to psychopathology due to personal characteristics, but do not develop psychopathology unless they are challenged with significant stressors?

Accepted Answer

The dynamic diathesis-stress model posits that individuals have certain vulnerabilities or predispositions (diatheses) to developing psychopathology, but these conditions only manifest into disorders when triggered by significant stressors. This model emphasizes the interaction between personal vulnerabilities and environmental stress.

Question 18

Which of the following risk factors in childhood or adolescence are associated with the onset of alcohol use disorder in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

All of the factors listed - higher levels of activity, aggression, and poor academic achievement - have been associated with an increased risk of developing alcohol use disorder in adulthood. These factors can contribute to behavioral patterns and coping mechanisms that lead to substance abuse.

Question 19

If a study was being conducted in a third-grade classroom and was asking children "How often do adults feel HAPPY when they drink alcohol?," this study is most likely investigating:

Accepted Answer

This study is likely investigating expectancies, specifically what children expect or believe about the effects of alcohol consumption on adults' emotions, in this case, happiness. Expectancies can influence future behavior and attitudes towards alcohol.

Question 20

Research on alcohol expectancies has found that:

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that younger children often have more negative views about drinking alcohol compared to older children. This is because younger children tend to adopt the attitudes and beliefs of their parents or guardians, who often emphasize the negative aspects of alcohol consumption. As children grow older, their exposure to peer influences and media representations of alcohol can lead to a shift in their expectancies, often becoming more positive or neutral.

Quiz 11: Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders and Problems