Question 1

The P₅₀ in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P₅₀ of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

Accepted Answer

Fish species adapted to low oxygen environments typically have a lower P₅₀, indicating a higher affinity for oxygen, which allows them to efficiently extract oxygen from their environment.

Question 2

Refer to the figure.
 The figure shows that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure.
 The figure shows...

Question 3

The exposure of Daphnia to O₂-poor water for days would result in

Accepted Answer

Daphnia exposed to O2-poor water for days will increase hemoglobin concentration, decrease the P50 of the blood, and change the globin subunits produced.

Question 4

Antarctic icefish compensate for the lack of circulating red blood cells with

Accepted Answer

Antarctic icefish have a higher blood volume and increased circulation rate to compensate for the lack of red blood cells and hemoglobin, allowing more oxygen to be delivered to tissues.

Question 5

In many cases, lowland people who travel to an area of high altitude for an extended period of time will develop a condition known as

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia is a condition characterized by an increased number of red blood cells, which can occur as the body adapts to high altitudes to improve oxygen delivery in response to lower oxygen levels.

Question 6

What determines the shape of the CO₂ equilibrium curve?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the CO2 equilibrium curve is influenced by the kinetics of bicarbonate (HCO3-) formation, the number of carbamate groups, and the amount of dissolved CO2. These factors collectively determine how CO2 is transported and released in the blood.

Question 7

The deoxygenation of hemoglobin promotes CO₂ uptake, and the oxygenation of hemoglobin promotes the unloading of CO₂. This phenomenon is called the _______ effect.

Accepted Answer

The Haldane effect describes how deoxygenated hemoglobin increases its ability to carry carbon dioxide, while oxygenated hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide.

Question 8

The extent of bicarbonate formation in the blood depends primarily on the

Accepted Answer

The extent of bicarbonate formation in the blood primarily depends on blood buffers, which help maintain pH balance by converting carbon dioxide into bicarbonate.

Question 9

The buffering effectiveness of any given buffer reaction is greatest when the prevailing pH _______ the pKʹ of the reaction.

Accepted Answer

The buffering effectiveness of any given buffer reaction is greatest when the prevailing pH matches the pK' of the reaction. This is because at this point, the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base are equal, and the buffer is able to resist changes in pH most effectively.

Question 10

Which species would have the highest total blood CO₂ concentration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which species would have the highest total...

Question 11

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO₂ is

Accepted Answer

Carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons, facilitating the transport of CO2 in the blood.

Question 12

The chloride shift refers to

Accepted Answer

The chloride shift involves the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and chloride ions (Cl-) across the red blood cell membrane, facilitated by rapid anion exchange proteins.

Question 13

In mammals, the bulk of the CO₂ is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

Accepted Answer

The majority of CO2 in mammals is transported as bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) dissolved in the plasma, formed from the reaction of CO2 with water catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells.

Question 14

The alphastat hypothesis attempts to explain why _______ as temperature falls.

Accepted Answer

The alphastat hypothesis suggests that as temperature decreases, the blood pH of ectotherms increases to maintain a constant relative alkalinity and optimal enzyme function.

Question 15

Which of the following is(are) the main organ(s) responsible for adjusting blood pH in terrestrial animals?

Accepted Answer

The lungs and kidneys are the main organs responsible for adjusting blood pH. The lungs regulate carbon dioxide levels, while the kidneys manage bicarbonate and hydrogen ion concentrations.

Question 16

If HCO₃^- is retained in the body, it binds with _______ and causes the body fluids to become more _______.

Accepted Answer

When HCO3- (bicarbonate) is retained, it binds with H+ (hydrogen ions), reducing their concentration and causing the body fluids to become more alkaline.

Question 17

If exhalation of CO₂ is abnormally increased relative to production, the likely result will be

Accepted Answer

Increased exhalation of CO2 reduces carbonic acid in the blood, leading to a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration, which causes respiratory alkalosis.

Question 18

Sprinting until your legs give out is a great example of

Accepted Answer

Sprinting until your legs give out can lead to metabolic acidosis due to the accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, which lowers the pH of the blood.

Question 19

What do the main respiratory pigments have in common?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What do the main respiratory pigments have...

Question 20

In what way can hemoglobin be considered an "honorary enzyme"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what way can hemoglobin be considered...

Quiz 24: Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

The P₅₀ in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P₅₀ of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows that

The exposure of Daphnia to O₂-poor water for days would result in

Antarctic icefish compensate for the lack of circulating red blood cells with

In many cases, lowland people who travel to an area of high altitude for an extended period of time will develop a condition known as

What determines the shape of the CO₂ equilibrium curve?

The deoxygenation of hemoglobin promotes CO₂ uptake, and the oxygenation of hemoglobin promotes the unloading of CO₂. This phenomenon is called the _______ effect.

The extent of bicarbonate formation in the blood depends primarily on the

The buffering effectiveness of any given buffer reaction is greatest when the prevailing pH _______ the pKʹ of the reaction.

Which species would have the highest total blood CO₂ concentration?

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO₂ is

The chloride shift refers to

In mammals, the bulk of the CO₂ is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

The alphastat hypothesis attempts to explain why _______ as temperature falls.

Which of the following is(are) the main organ(s) responsible for adjusting blood pH in terrestrial animals?

If HCO₃^- is retained in the body, it binds with _ and causes the body fluids to become more _.

If exhalation of CO₂ is abnormally increased relative to production, the likely result will be

Sprinting until your legs give out is a great example of

What do the main respiratory pigments have in common?

In what way can hemoglobin be considered an "honorary enzyme"?

Quiz 24: Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in Body Fluids With an Introduction to Acid- Base Physiology

The P50 in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P50 of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows that

The exposure of Daphnia to O2-poor water for days would result in

Antarctic icefish compensate for the lack of circulating red blood cells with

In many cases, lowland people who travel to an area of high altitude for an extended period of time will develop a condition known as

What determines the shape of the CO2 equilibrium curve?

The deoxygenation of hemoglobin promotes CO2 uptake, and the oxygenation of hemoglobin promotes the unloading of CO2. This phenomenon is called the _______ effect.

The extent of bicarbonate formation in the blood depends primarily on the

The buffering effectiveness of any given buffer reaction is greatest when the prevailing pH _______ the pKʹ of the reaction.

Which species would have the highest total blood CO2 concentration?

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO2 is

The chloride shift refers to

In mammals, the bulk of the CO2 is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

The alphastat hypothesis attempts to explain why _______ as temperature falls.

Which of the following is(are) the main organ(s) responsible for adjusting blood pH in terrestrial animals?

If HCO3- is retained in the body, it binds with _______ and causes the body fluids to become more _______.

If exhalation of CO2 is abnormally increased relative to production, the likely result will be

Sprinting until your legs give out is a great example of

What do the main respiratory pigments have in common?

In what way can hemoglobin be considered an "honorary enzyme"?

The P₅₀ in a fish species adapted to a low oxygen aquatic environment would likely be _______ the P₅₀ of a fish species adapted to a well-oxygenated aquatic environment.

The exposure of Daphnia to O₂-poor water for days would result in

What determines the shape of the CO₂ equilibrium curve?

The deoxygenation of hemoglobin promotes CO₂ uptake, and the oxygenation of hemoglobin promotes the unloading of CO₂. This phenomenon is called the _______ effect.

Which species would have the highest total blood CO₂ concentration?

The key enzyme involved in the formation of bicarbonate from CO₂ is

In mammals, the bulk of the CO₂ is transported from the tissue to the lungs as

If HCO₃^- is retained in the body, it binds with _ and causes the body fluids to become more _.

If exhalation of CO₂ is abnormally increased relative to production, the likely result will be