Question 1

A single value collected in the context of research is a ______, whereas multiple values collected in the context of research are ______ .
A) parameter, statistic
B) data, datum
C) statistic, parameter
D) datum, data

Accepted Answer

A single value collected in research is called a "datum," while multiple values are referred to as "data."

Question 2

A collection of data with different values based upon their source is a ______.
A) statistic
B) variable
C) population
D) parameter

Accepted Answer

A variable is a characteristic or attribute that can take on different values, often based on different sources or conditions.

Question 3

Which of the following would be considered quantitative data?
A) 1st, 3rd, 2nd, 4th
B) yes, no, no, yes
C) 5000, 7000, 9000, 3000
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data refers to numerical data that can be measured or counted. The numbers 5000, 7000, 9000, and 3000 are examples of quantitative data as they represent measurable quantities.

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered quantitative data?
A) 1st, 3rd, 2nd, 4th
B) yes, no, no, yes
C) 5000, 7000, 9000, 3000
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data refers to numerical data that can be measured or counted, such as the numbers 5000, 7000, 9000, and 3000.

Question 5

Which of the following would be considered qualitative data?
A) 0.1, 2.5, 3.6, 0.8
B) blue, green, red, purple
C) 34, 8, 15, 12
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Qualitative data is data that describes something, rather than measuring it. In this case, the data is about colors, which is a qualitative characteristic.

Question 6

Which of the following could be a variable?
A) height
B) annual salary
C) attitude
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

All of these options can be considered variables as they can take on different values for different individuals or over time.

Question 7

Which of the following would most likely be considered nominal data?
A) age
B) height
C) salary
D) gender

Accepted Answer

Gender is a categorical variable that classifies individuals into different groups, such as male and female. It is not a numerical value and does not have any inherent order or meaning, making it nominal data.

Question 8

Nominal data would be considered dichotomous when ______.
A) labels have an order
B) the data are quantitative
C) the data have only two possible values
D) the data are ranked

Accepted Answer

Nominal data is considered dichotomous when it has only two possible values, such as "yes" or "no".

Question 9

Which of the following would be considered ordinal data (but not interval data)?
A) ranked product preferences
B) favourite colour
C) sales in euros
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Ordinal data is data that can be ranked or ordered, but the intervals between the data points are not necessarily equal. Ranked product preferences fit this definition, as they can be ordered but the difference between ranks is not uniform.

Question 10

Interval data ______.
A) are quantitative
B) have meaningful distances between values
C) have all the properties of ordinal data
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

Interval data are quantitative, have meaningful distances between values, and possess all the properties of ordinal data.

Question 11

The difference between interval and ratio data is ______.
A) ratio data have a meaningful zero whereas interval data do not
B) ratio data are qualitative whereas interval data are quantitative
C) ratio data are dichotomous whereas interval data are not
D) There is no difference between interval and ratio data.

Accepted Answer

Ratio data have a meaningful zero point, allowing for the calculation of ratios, while interval data do not have a true zero, making ratios meaningless.

Question 12

If "10" in a variable is twice as many as "5" in that variable, what is that variable's scale of measurement?
A) interval
B) ratio
C) nominal
D) ordinal

Accepted Answer

The ratio scale of measurement allows for the comparison of absolute magnitudes, meaning that "10" being twice as much as "5" is meaningful and implies a true zero point.

Question 13

A common type of numerically-scored survey item is a ______.
A) ratio scale
B) Likert-type scale
C) Pearson-type scale
D) discrete scale

Accepted Answer

A Likert-type scale is a common numerically-scored survey item where respondents specify their level of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale for each statement.

Question 14

Which of the following would be an example of continuous data?
A) degrees Celsius
B) number of applicants
C) favourite colour
D) gender

Accepted Answer

Degrees Celsius is an example of continuous data because it can take any value within a range and can be measured with precision.

Question 15

Data that cannot be divided beyond a certain point would be considered ______.
A) discrete
B) continuous
C) quantitative
D) dichotomous

Accepted Answer

Discrete data consists of distinct, separate values and cannot be divided beyond a certain point, unlike continuous data which can be divided infinitely.

Question 16

A ______ is a theoretical group that you want to draw conclusions about.
A) sample
B) subject
C) population
D) dataset

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about in a study or research.

Question 17

Why do we examine samples rather than populations?
A) because populations cannot generally be measured
B) because populations provide only qualitative data
C) because samples are more accurate
D) because samples include all subjects of interest

Accepted Answer

Populations are often too large or impractical to measure in their entirety, so samples are used to make inferences about the population.

Question 18

A construct is ______.
A) a characteristic or property of interest in a population
B) a measurement of how well characteristics of a sample represent characteristics of a population
C) a group gathered at random from a population
D) none of these

Accepted Answer

A construct is a characteristic or property of interest in a population.

Question 19

A relationship between constructs can be considered a ______.
A) operational definition
B) theory
C) hypothesis
D) experiment

Accepted Answer

A theory is a set of interrelated constructs, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of a phenomenon.

Question 20

Which of the following could be considered an operational definition for customer satisfaction?
A) a survey item asking about satisfaction on a 5-point scale
B) number of customer complaints
C) number of returns
D) all of these

Accepted Answer

An operational definition specifies how a concept is measured. All options (A, B, and C) provide measurable ways to assess customer satisfaction.

Quiz 1: The Language of Statistics

A single value collected in the context of research is a , whereas multiple values collected in the context of research are .

A collection of data with different values based upon their source is a ______.

Which of the following would be considered quantitative data?

Which of the following would be considered quantitative data?

Which of the following would be considered qualitative data?

Which of the following could be a variable?

Which of the following would most likely be considered nominal data?

Nominal data would be considered dichotomous when ______.

Which of the following would be considered ordinal data (but not interval data) ?

Interval data ______.

The difference between interval and ratio data is ______.

If "10" in a variable is twice as many as "5" in that variable, what is that variable's scale of measurement?

A common type of numerically-scored survey item is a ______.

Which of the following would be an example of continuous data?

Data that cannot be divided beyond a certain point would be considered ______.

A ______ is a theoretical group that you want to draw conclusions about.

Why do we examine samples rather than populations?

A construct is ______.

A relationship between constructs can be considered a ______.

Which of the following could be considered an operational definition for customer satisfaction?