Question 1

Which is a behavioral manifestation of emotion that does not have the same meaning among different groups of primates?

Accepted Answer

The baring of teeth can have different meanings among primates; for example, it can be a sign of aggression in some species and a submissive gesture in others.

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter has been linked to the rewarding effects of electrical stimulation of various brain regions?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most commonly associated with the brain's reward system and the pleasurable effects of electrical stimulation in various brain regions.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a component of the Klüver-Bucy syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Klüver-Bucy syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as tameness, strong oral tendencies, and hypersexuality. Wild and fearful behavior is not a component of this syndrome; rather, the syndrome involves a reduction in fear and aggression.

Question 4

Presenting subjects with a visual cue previously associated with shock increases blood flow to the

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is involved in processing emotions such as fear, and presenting a cue associated with shock would activate this area.

Question 5

Fear conditioning, or "conditioned freezing," is a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has been associated with a stressful stimulus, such as shock. The _______ is a key structure involved in this conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The amygdala is crucial for processing emotions and is heavily involved in fear conditioning, where it helps associate the neutral stimulus with the stressful one.

Question 6

Which of the following is not used for visualizing dendritic changes in the cortical neurons in mice undergoing fear conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not used...

Question 7

Individual males that suffer defeat in competitions have been found to have _______ levels of testosterone.

Accepted Answer

Defeat in competitions is often associated with decreased levels of testosterone in individual males, as losing can lead to a reduction in the hormone associated with dominance and aggression.

Question 8

The brain affects the immune system through autonomic nerve fibers that innervate immune system organs such as the spleen and the thymus gland. These fibers are usually _______ sympathetic postganglionic axons.

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic postganglionic axons that innervate immune system organs are typically noradrenergic, meaning they release norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter.

Question 9

The brain monitors the immune system closely. The achy and lethargic feelings of illness may be adaptive responses that force those who are ill to remain at rest. These symptoms could be related to increases in _______, which are also decreased by the administration of antidepressants.

Accepted Answer

Cytokines are signaling proteins that mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation. They can induce symptoms like lethargy and achiness during illness. Antidepressants can decrease cytokine levels, which may help alleviate these symptoms.

Question 10

Provide an overview of the elements of behavior and feeling that contribute to emotion, and summarize the major theoretical perspectives.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an overview of the elements of...

Question 11

Review the communicative and adaptive functions served by emotions and emotional displays; discuss the extent to which inner feelings are manifested in overt, measurable behaviors in response to particular stimuli and in anticipation of future experiences of such stimuli.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Review the communicative and adaptive functions served...

Question 12

Summarize research concerning the neural mechanisms of emotion, including functional and imaging studies of brain substrates for reward, aggression, and other emotional behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize research concerning the neural mechanisms of...

Question 13

Describe changes found in dendritic structure after fear conditioning. Describe how two-photon excitation microscopy works and how stimuli must be presented during conditioning in order to observe these changes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe changes found in dendritic structure after...

Question 14

Discuss the neurochemistry of violence and aggression, focusing on the roles of steroids and serotonin, and explain our understanding of the biological psychology of human aggression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the neurochemistry of violence and aggression,...

Question 15

Define stress and outline the neuroendocrine changes that acute and chronic stress may produce in humans and other animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define stress and outline the neuroendocrine changes...

Question 16

Discuss the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of health psychology as it pertains to the effects of stress on disease; explain the relationship between the nervous system and immune functioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the theoretical and empirical underpinnings of...

Quiz 15: Emotions, Aggression, and Stress